Chapter 14 Questions

What happens if a fire is ventilation controlled and the door is kept open after making entry into the structure or fire compartment? (675) (4.3.10, 4.3.11] A. A significant increase in heat release rate can quickly occur. B. Air will rush in, reducing the risk of flashover by removing unburned fuel in the form of smoke. C. Smoke and hot air will be released, making the structure more tenable for the remainder of the operation. D. Unburned fuel in the form of smoke will escape at the bottom of the doorway, while fresh air will enter at the top.

A. A significant increase in heat release rate can quickly occur.

What type of hazard is located in the steering wheel, dashboard, doors, and/or areas above the doors of a passenger vehicle? (697) [4.3.7] A. Air bags B. Electrical shock C. Flammable liquid storage D. Hydraulic or pneumatic struts

A. Air bags

Fires involving stacked and piled material such as pallets, cardboard, bales of hay or cotton, and loose materials such as mulch are most likely to be extinguished using water or: (704-705) [4.3.8] A. Class A foam. B. dry chemical agents. C. aqueous film forming foam. D. carbon dioxide extinguishers.

A. Class A foam.

What is an example of oxygen exclusion being used as a method of fire extinguishment? (671) [4.3.10, 4.3.11] A. Closing doors in order to contain compartment fires B. Applying a solid stream to the ceiling of a fire compartment C. Digging a trench to create a fire line during wildland operations D. Using a dry chemical fire extinguisher to extinguish a liquid fuel fire

A. Closing doors in order to contain compartment fires

What action is involved in overhauling a vehicle fire? (697) (4.3.7] A. Cooling fuel tanks B. Chocking the tires C. Breaking the windows D. Clearing the roadway of debris

A. Cooling fuel tanks

What is the most effective method available for the extinguishment of smoldering fires? (670) [4.3.10] A. Cooling with water B. Fuel removal using foam C. Chemical flame inhibition D. Removing oxygen with water

A. Cooling with water

What is a hazard closely associated with fires in unfinished basements? (682) [4.3.10] A. Floor joists are exposed to the fire and will fail sooner than a ceiling protected with drywall. B. The fuel load on the floor above the basement can quickly cause burn through of the sub- floor, and threaten structural collapse. C. They can require large numbers of personnel to conduct large-scale evacuations, carry tools and equipment, and maintain a sustained fire attack. D. These spaces have an excessive fuel load and often contain hazardous materials that pose explosive and/or toxic hazards to occupants and firefighters.

A. Floor joists are exposed to the fire and will fail sooner than a ceiling protected with drywall.

What are the three main influences on ground cover fire behavior? (708) [4.3.19] A. Fuel, weather, and topography B. Precipitation, wind, and temperature C. Location, vegetation, and accessibility D. Topography, structure location, and density

A. Fuel, weather, and topography

What method of attacking vehicle fires helps firefighters avoid walking through leaking fuels? (696) (4.3.7] A. Positioning for attack uphill of the fire. B. Extinguishing any fire near the vehicle occupants first. C. Attacking the fire at a 45-degree angle from the side of the vehicle. D. Positioning a hoseline between the burning vehicle and any exposures.

A. Positioning for attack uphill of the fire.

How is controlling the water supply similar to controlling gas utilities at a residential structure? (692) [4.3.18] A. They are both shut off by turning the tang 90 degrees to the pipe. B. Shutoff valves for both types of utilities are most commonly found underground. C. Both gas and water utilities should only be shut off during fire suppression operations. D. They cannot be shut off without assistance from personnel with specialized tools and training.

A. They are both shut off by turning the tang 90 degrees to the pipe.

What is a safety consideration when fighting fires involving electric or hybrid vehicles? (702) (4.3.7] A. When the engine is running, there may not be any noise. B. Dangerous high-voltage cables are most commonly colored green. C. Use Purple K dry-chemical agent or high-expansion foam instead of water. D. Vehicle battery packs are required to be located in the trunk or rear of the vehicle.

A. When the engine is running, there may not be any noise.

A surface fire is a type of ground cover fire in which: (709) (4.3.19] A. burning on the soil's surface consumes low-lying grass, shrubs, and other vegetation. B. wind-driven, high-intensity fires move through the tree tops of heavily forested areas. C. a layer of dead organic matter that generally covers the soil in forested areas smolders and burns. D. fire spreads from vegetation such as grasses, brush, or small trees into areas more populated with residential and commercial structures.

A. burning on the soil's surface consumes low-lying grass, shrubs, and other vegetation.

Doors throughout the structure between the entrance and the fire should be: (676) [4.3.10] A. controlled to limit air flow along the flow path. B. opened to allow smoke and hot gases to escape the structure. C. locked, if possible, to ensure that flow path is strictly maintained. D. propped open to create additional exit points within the structure.

A. controlled to limit air flow along the flow path.

Using a straight stream instead of a fog stream in well-involved, unventilated interior fires will generally: (679) [4.3.10] A. create less steam. B. upset the thermal layering. C. entrain a higher volume of air. D. have less reach to the main body of a fire.

A. create less steam.

Once the control valve has been closed and the sprinkler system is off,: (686) (4.3.14] A. it will not activate if another fire occurs. B. it will alarm but not activate if another fire occurs. C. the system will no longer be able to activate and must be replaced. D. the system will continue to run until individual sprinkler heads are shut

A. it will not activate if another fire occurs.

Vehicles that use compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG): (701) [4.3.7] A. should have a pressure release device and a fuel shutoff valve. B. sound distinctly different from vehicles with gasoline or diesel engines. C. are required to have a CNG or LNG diamond logo that may be affixed to the front and rear of the vehicle. D. are most likely to be owned by private citizens rather than government agencies or mass transit bus companies.

A. should have a pressure release device and a fuel shutoff valve.

In a basement fire, opening a vent to allow oxygen to enter is going to create more problems unless: (683) [4.3.10] A. ventilation is coordinated with water application. B. that vent point is directly above the seat of the fire. C. more than one vent point is opened simultaneously. D. water is applied consecutively with two or more attack teams.

A. ventilation is coordinated with water application.

Because most fire sprinkler systems are designed with control mode sprinklers, when should the sprinklers be shut down? (685) [4.3.14] A. Upon arrival at the scene B. After the fire is under control C. Once the fire has been definitively located D. When fire attack makes entry into the structure

B. After the fire is under control

When at the entry point of a structure fire with an upper layer of smoke and hot gases, what actions will help to improve interior conditions? (675) [4.3.10] A. Use a narrow fog pattern to entrain air into the structure B. Apply water to the ceiling using a straight stream in a side-to-side motion C. Apply water horizontally into the structure using short bursts of a straight stream D. Open the nozzle to a wide fog stream that envelops as much of the door opening as possible

B. Apply water to the ceiling using a straight stream in a side-to-side motion

What is an example of interior exposure protection? (684) [4.3.10] A. Moving vehicles and other objects away from the fire B. Closing openings between the fire and unaffected areas C. Using a transitional attack to make a room more tenable D. Employing hoselines to cool down sides of adjacent buildings

B. Closing openings between the fire and unaffected areas

What statement about the hot gas layer that accumulates at the top of a fire compartment is true? (677) [4.3.10] A. Smoke traps in heat but does not burn. B. Cooling the hot gas layer slows the transfer of heat to other combustibles. C. Once smoke and hot gases begin to accumulate, the process of pyrolysis in the compartment is complete. D. Hot smoke will radiate heat, increase pyrolysis within the room, and reduce flammable fuel in the gas layer.

B. Cooling the hot gas layer slows the transfer of heat to other combustibles.

Which method of attacking a fire involving a hybrid or electric vehicle is especially hazardous and should NOT be done? (699) [4.3.7] A. Directing hose streams under the car B. Driving a piercing nozzle through the hood, fenders, or wheel wells C. Breaking a window and attacking the fire with a medium fog pattern D. Prying an opening between the hood and the fender and applying water through it

B. Driving a piercing nozzle through the hood, fenders, or wheel wells

What type of alternative fuel, when burning, will likely require a thermal imager to see? (704) [4.3.7] A. Biodiesel B. Hydrogen C. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) D. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

B. Hydrogen

What is the primary mission at most incidents involving small unattached structures such as storage sheds, pump houses, or fishing houses? (706) [4.3.8] A. Begin interior fire attack as soon as possible B. Prevent fire spread to exposures and then extinguish the fire C. Perform a blitz attack with a deck gun or master stream device D. Use pike poles or other tools to break up or pull apart the structure so that a stream can reach all of the burning material

B. Prevent fire spread to exposures and then extinguish the fire

What part of a ground cover fire is relatively safe but is often hot and smoky? (713) [4.3.19] A. The head B. The black C. The green D. The origin

B. The black

What is involved in the creation of a fire line during a ground cover fire? (713-714) [4.3.19] A. Beginning at a secure anchor point on one or both of the fire's flanks and working toward the head with hand lines B. Using hand tools to remove all surface and subsurface fuels along the line and allowing unburned, intervening fuel to self extinguish C. Using heavy machinery to remove fuel from the fire line while simultaneously attacking the fire line with brush trucks from the black D. Starting at a secure anchor point and igniting fuel so that it burns back towards the advancing fire line, stopping the advance of the fire's head

B. Using hand tools to remove all surface and subsurface fuels along the line and allowing unburned, intervening fuel to self extinguish

To extinguish a fire by reducing its temperature, enough water must be applied to stop the gas phase chemical reaction and: (669) [4.3.10] A. push out any remaining oxygen. B. absorb the heat being generated. C. displace the remaining fuel load. D. break apart the fuel's molecular structure.

B. absorb the heat being generated.

In a typical ground cover fire, the key to controlling the fire is to control the _____ and prevent the formation of a new one. (712) (4.3.19] A. flank B. head C. origin D. perimeter

B. head

A coordinated combination of cooling hot fire gases from the exterior using a straight stream paired with tactical ventilation will: (670) [4.3.10] A. lower the risk that a fuel-limited fire with reignite. B. lower the risk that a ventilation-limited fire will reignite. C. entrain additional air into the fire, which will cause it to re-enter the growth stage as it receives more oxygen. D. create dangerous amounts of steam that will make the environment untenable and threaten the lives of any occupants.

B. lower the risk that a ventilation-limited fire will reignite.

When firefighters encounter solar panel arrays at a fire scene, they must consider that: (690) (4.3.18] A. power to the building cannot be turned off. B. one solar panel can generate enough electricity to kill. C. wires to the array must be physically cut in order to cut the power. D. solar panels are not marked with warning labels and often look like normal sections of roofing.

B. one solar panel can generate enough electricity to kill.

At a residential basement fire, what is generally considered to be most dangerous option to attack the fire? (683) [4.3.10] A. Employing a cellar or penetrating nozzle B. Venting the basement and applying water C. Advancing hoselines down an enclosed stairwell D. Performing an exterior attack through basement windows

C. Advancing hoselines down an enclosed stairwell

What should you do if preflashover conditions, such as a high volume of turbulent smoke and a low neutral plane, are observed upon opening the door? (676) [4.3.10] A. Back away and keep the door open. B. Close the door and order tactical ventilation. C. Apply water to the hot gas layer but do not enter the structure. D. Do not apply water to the hot gas layer and do not enter the structure.

C. Apply water to the hot gas layer but do not enter the structure.

What tactic for attacking vehicle fires helps firefighters avoid injuries from hydraulic or pneumatic struts? (696) [4.3.7] A. Position for attack uphill of the fire. B. Extinguish any fire near the vehicle occupants first. C. Attack the fire at a 45-degree angle from the side of the vehicle. D. Position a hoseline between the burning vehicle and any exposures.

C. Attack the fire at a 45-degree angle from the side of the vehicle.

What hazard is likely to be encountered when combating a fire in exterior stacked or piled materials? (705) [4.3.8] A. Backdraft B. Flashover C. Collapse hazard D. Compression burns

C. Collapse hazard

What should be done first upon arrival at a vehicle accident or fire? (694) [4.3.7] A. Turn off power to the vehicle and/or disconnect the battery. B. Stabilize the vehicle by placing chocks and deflating the tires. C. Decide if the incident scene will require traffic to be diverted and then request assistance. D. Determine if there are victims in the vehicle and if they require extrication, then call for emergency medical services.

C. Decide if the incident scene will require traffic to be diverted and then request assistance.

How can you ensure that a fire in the trunk of the car is safely and properly extinguished? (698) [4.3.7] A. Enter the trunk through the passenger compartment and apply copious amounts of water. B. Use a piercing nozzle to apply foam inside the trunk and then use a thermal imager to verify extinguishment. C. Force the trunk open, direct the hose stream in, and apply water until you observe total extinguishment. D. Use a master stream device to apply water to the outside of the trunk compartment until it is cool enough that the fire goes out.

C. Force the trunk open, direct the hose stream in, and apply water until you observe total extinguishment.

What is the proper method for protecting yourself from lightning hazards during ground cover fire operations? (717) [4.3.19] A. Do not take shelter in vehicles. B. Stay close to low-lying open water. C. In a forested area, seek shelter in a low ravine. D. The only suitable shelter is a basement or other below-grade structure.

C. In a forested area, seek shelter in a low ravine.

What type of fire attack is often used against ground cover fires that are too hot, too fast, or too big for a direct attack? (713) (4.3.19] A. Blitz B. Pincer C. Indirect D. Transitional

C. Indirect

What happens when firefighters attempt to use water to reduce the temperature of hot products of combustion in the upper gas layer of an interior fire? (670) [4.3.10] A. Eliminates the potential for flashover B. Does not affect radiant heat flux from the upper layer C. Limits or stops flaming combustion in the upper layer D. Increases the pyrolysis process of combustible materials

C. Limits or stops flaming combustion in the upper layer

What type of ground cover fire attack involves creating a control line quickly using bulldozers or other heavy equipment, which sacrifices less territory to the fire as it burns? (713) [4.3.19] A. Flank B. Direct C. Parallel D. Transitional

C. Parallel

What type of indicating control valve uses a circular disk inside a flat plate on top of the valve housing? (687) [4.3.14] A. Post indicator valve B. Wall post indicator valve C. Post indicator valve assembly D. Outside screw and yoke valve

C. Post indicator valve assembly

Which weather factor influences ground cover fire behavior by significantly affecting dead fuels that only gain moisture from surrounding air rather than their root system? (710) [4.3.19] A. Wind B. Precipitation C. Relative humidity D. Temperature differences

C. Relative humidity

How should fuel leaks from vehicles be controlled? (695) (4.3.7] A. The fuel should be allowed to empty from the vehicle. B. The leaked fuel should be captured in buckets if possible. C. The fuel line or tank can be plugged with rubber, plastic, or wooden plugs. D. The leak should be stopped by plugging it with rags wrapped in aluminum foil.

C. The fuel line or tank can be plugged with rubber, plastic, or wooden plugs.

What is the only safe way to cut all electrical power to a structure? (688) [4.3.18] A. Shutting off individual breakers B. Cutting power at the transformer C. The main breaker or meter shutoff D. Isolate individual outlets and light fixtures

C. The main breaker or meter shutoff

What is a guideline for cooling a hot gas layer? (677) [4.3.10] A. In large-volume compartments, the nozzle pattern may need to be narrower. B. The pulses of water shot into the hot gas layer should never be greater than half a second each. C. The nozzle pattern may need to be adjusted based on the fire conditions in the compartment. D. If water droplets fall out of the overhead smoke layer after spraying, the gases have not been cooled sufficiently.

C. The nozzle pattern may need to be adjusted based on the fire conditions in the compartment.

What must be done in order to make an indirect attack on the fire from the exterior? (678) [4.3.10] A. A wide fog pattern is introduced through an opening and directed at the ceiling. B. A solid stream is introduced through an opening and applied to the seat of the fire. C. The stream is directed toward the ceiling or banked off of the walls to cool the room. D. A solid or straight stream is introduced through an opening and directed at the walls where the temperature is the highest.

C. The stream is directed toward the ceiling or banked off of the walls to cool the room.

What is the purpose of connecting a pumping apparatus to a protected structure's fire department connection (FDC)? (685) [4.3.14] A. To provide an additional backup water supply for fire attack teams В. To activate the structure's fire sprinkler systems from the outside of the structure C. To supplement the water supply and pressure in the structure's sprinkler or standpipe systems D. To provide additional pressure to the pumping apparatus in order to overcome head pressure of the structure's standpipe systems

C. To supplement the water supply and pressure in the structure's sprinkler or standpipe systems

What action is MOST likely to be taken to control fires in stacked and piled materials? (705) 14.3.8] A. Using a piercing nozzle to apply water B. Using Class D portable fire extinguishers C. Using pike poles pull apart the materials and then using a fog or straight stream D. Using a master stream device so that personnel do not have to get too close to the hazards

C. Using pike poles pull apart the materials and then using a fog or straight stream

Once firefighters have verified from the outside that the floor above the basement is there, what is the only reliable way to determine if the floor is structurally sound? (683) [4.3.10] A. Sounding with a tool B. Using a thermal imager (TI) C. Visually inspecting the floor joists D. Listening for cracking, moaning, or popping

C. Visually inspecting the floor joists

A direct attack made on an interior fire: (677) (4.3.10] A. can be made from inside or outside a structure. B. cools the compartment but tends to fill it with smoke and steam. C. applies water onto the burning fuel until the fire is extinguished. D. uses the ceiling and walls to deflect or bank the stream onto the fire.

C. applies water onto the burning fuel until the fire is extinguished.

Applying a protective spray of water or foam between the fire and the exposure is an example of: (684) [4.3.8, 4.3.10] A. a transitional attack. В. a nonintervention strategy. C. exterior exposure protection. D. preventative salvage and overhaul.

C. exterior exposure protection.

The firefighter assigned to the nozzle should _____ before entering the building or the fire area. (674) [4.3.10] A. ensure the hoseline remains uncharged B. determine the location of the seat of the fire C. open the nozzle fully to check for adequate flow D. check to make sure that the nozzle is fully closed

C. open the nozzle fully to check for adequate flow

Why is it important for firefighters to be aware of how much water they are applying during fire attack? (679) [4.3.10, 4.3.13] A. Applying too little water will cause the fire to become fuel-limited. B. Applying too much water may cause the fire to transition into the decay stage. C. Applying too little water will cause the fire to give off toxic products of combustion. D. Applying too much water may cause unnecessary water damage and disturb thermal layering.

D. Applying too much water may cause unnecessary water damage and disturb thermal layering.

What will cause hot gases within the fire compartment to contract? (670) [4.3.10 A. Rapid steam production and tactical ventilation B. Coordinated ventilation without the use of water C. Large diameter hose and an adjustable fog nozzle D. Appropriate amount of water and good nozzle techniques

D. Appropriate amount of water and good nozzle techniques

What is a characteristic of the liquid natural gas (LNG) used in alternative fuel vehicles? (702) [4.3.7] A. It is heavier than water. B. The vapor cloud is lighter than air. C. It can be identified by its yellowish-green color. D. Frost on the fuel tank exterior indicates tank failure.

D. Frost on the fuel tank exterior indicates tank failure.

What hazard are firefighters more likely to encounter at trash container fires than at ground cover fires? (706) [4.3.8] A. Radiant heat B. Low visibility C. Flashover conditions D. Hazardous material contamination

D. Hazardous material contamination

At what part of a vehicle are you LEAST likely to find hydraulic or pneumatic struts that may explode during a fire? (695) [4.3.7] A. Hood B. Bumper C. Trunk lid D. Headlights/tail lights

D. Headlights/tail lights

What is a pre-entry consideration critical to firefighter safety and effectiveness? (674) [4.3.10] A. Communicating to the IC that primary search is complete B. Determining the number and location of victims inside the structure C. Ensuring that proper tactical ventilation has been successfully accomplished D. Identifying potential emergency escape routes such as other doors and windows

D. Identifying potential emergency escape routes such as other doors and windows

What is a consideration for turning off electrical power to commercial and/or industrial structures? (689) [4.3.18] A. A certified technician must be posted at all shut off points around the structure. B. These types of buildings do not have main breakers; the utility company must be called. C. These types of occupancies tend to have lower voltage systems than residential occupancies. D. If power needs to be shut off, a lockout/tagout device should be placed on the main power switch.

D. If power needs to be shut off, a lockout/tagout device should be placed on the main power switch.

What is a consideration for extinguishing fire in upper levels of structures? (680) [4.3.10] A. Some departmental SOPS may allow firefighters to be transported to the fire floor via elevators. B. If the standpipe connection is in a protected stairway, hoselines must not be connected on the fire floor. C. In structures that lack standpipes, fire attack should move up the stairway farthest from the fire location. D. In structures equipped with standpipe systems, the location of the standpipe connection determines the fire attack method.

D. In structures equipped with standpipe systems, the location of the standpipe connection determines the fire attack method.

What is a characteristic of a combination attack? (679) [4.3.10] A. It helps transform the fire from ventilation-limited conditions to fuel-limited conditions. B. It is designed to cool hot gases but is accomplished from the exterior rather than the interior. C. Water is applied as a means of disturbing the thermal layering in order to disrupt an environment on the verge of flashover. D. It combines the steam-generating technique of a ceiling level attack with an attack on the burning materials near floor level.

D. It combines the steam-generating technique of a ceiling level attack with an attack on the burning materials near floor level.

What is the purpose of making a transitional attack? (679) [4.3.10] A. It knocks down the seat of the fire as quickly as possible. B. It protects firefighters during an interior attack by cooling hot gases overhead. C. It stops fire growth and contains the fire to a single compartment or area of the structure. D. It reduces the potential for flashover and creates a more survivable interior environment.

D. It reduces the potential for flashover and creates a more survivable interior environment.

What are the elements of the LCES situational awareness technique used for wildland fires? (714) [4.3.19] A. Location, command, escape routes, size-up B. Location, conditions, escape routes, safety zones C. Life safety, communication, extinguishment, search D. Lookout, communications, escape routes, safety zones

D. Lookout, communications, escape routes, safety zones

What type of indicating control valve only has a threaded portion of the screw visible beyond the yoke when the valve is open? (686) [4.3.14] A. Post indicator valve B. Wall post indicator valve C. Post indicator valve assembly D. Outside screw and yoke valve

D. Outside screw and yoke valve

What extinguishing agent should be applied to the surface of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) fire found a vehicle accident? (702) (4.3.7] A. Carbon dioxide B. Water mist from a wide fog stream C. Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) D. Purple K dry-chemical agent or high-expansion foam

D. Purple K dry-chemical agent or high-expansion foam

In what type of scenario is gas cooling the most effective? (676) [4.3.10] A. The structure is fully involved B. A defensive position must be taken to protect exposures C. You are in the same compartment as the fire and are working directly below the hot gas layer D. The fire cannot be seen because it is located in a remote part of the structure or objects are shielding it from view

D. The fire cannot be seen because it is located in a remote part of the structure or objects are shielding it from view

How are alternative fuels required to be marked on cars, trucks, and buses in the United States and Canada? (699) [4.3.7] A. Initials of the fuel with black lettering in a white circle. B. UN placarding requirements apply to vehicles using alternative fuel. C. Blue markings for natural gas, green for ethanol, and yellow for hydrogen. D. There is no national requirement in the United States or Canada for markings.

D. There is no national requirement in the United States or Canada for markings.

What type of simple device is often used to stop the flow from individual, activated sprinklers? (687) [4.3.14] A. Vice clamps B. Metal screws C. Rubber stoppers D. Wooden wedges

D. Wooden wedges

Exposure protection is the act of: (684) [4.3.8, 4.3.10] A. actively extinguishing fires. B. preventing fires from occurring. C. directing ventilation away from living areas. D. preventing fire from spreading to unaffected areas.

D. preventing fire from spreading to unaffected areas.

When tasked with controlling the natural gas supply at a residential structure: (692) [4.3.18] A. ensure that the valve is turned clockwise until hand tight. B. you must use a hydrant wrench to open and close the inline valve. C. find the inline valve that will be after the distribution system and meter. D. remember that turning the gas back on should be left to the utility company.

D. remember that turning the gas back on should be left to the utility company.

When tasked by the Incident Commander to control utilities, firefighters must remember that: (687) [4.3.18] A. all utilities should be turned back on before returning to service. B. electricity should remain on so that the fire scene can be adequately lit. C. shutting off utilities for too long can increase the risk of reigniting fires. D. they are not responsible for turning utilities back on and should not attempt to do so.

D. they are not responsible for turning utilities back on and should not attempt to do so.