Chapter 14 questions

What are the two contraindications for self-myofascial techniques?

Cancer and bleeding disorders

What term is used for a condition that would make it unsafe for the client to participate in any type of flexibility exercise?

Contraindication

Which of the following states that soft tissue models along the line of stress?

Davis's law

What is the term used to describe pain or discomfort that is often felt 24 to 72 hours after intense exercise or unaccustomed physical activity?

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

True or false? Static stretching when performed for 30 seconds or less prior every workout and followed by dynamic activities, impairs athletic performance.

False

Mobility is a combination of which two musculoskeletal components?

Flexibility and joint ROM

What are common tools used for self-myofascial techniques?

Foam rollers, handheld rollers, and massage balls

What are the common tools used for self-myofascial techniques?

Foam rollers, handheld rollers, and massage balls

Which lower-body stretch is considered controversial and may be a risk for injury?

Inverted hurdler's stretch for hamstrings

What are the recommended training variables for active stretching?

1 to 3 sets, hold each stretch for 1 to 2 seconds, and repeat for 5 to 10 repetitions

What is the minimum duration for which a static stretch should be held?

30 seconds

Which statement best defines the concept of relative flexibility?

Altered movement patterns

Your client Ethan presents with an overactive/shortened quadriceps group, which is causing the hamstrings to be underactive/lengthened. What is this phenomenon called?

Altered reciprocal inhibition

What is the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when a synergist muscle takes over for a weak or inhibited muscle?

Synergistic dominance

Which portion of a client's exercise program should be designed first?

The flexibility porition

Why is the arching quadriceps stretch considered a controversial lower-body stretch?

The stretch provides excessive stress on the kneecap and other tissues in the front knee.

Which term best describes motion at the joint surface?

arthrokinematics

Researchers have found that myofascial rolling can decrease the effects of what condition after strenuous exercise?

delayed onset muscle soreness

What type of exercise would be suggested to address overactive, shortened hamstrings?

flexibility exercises

Which type of nerve receptor senses pain?

nociceptor

Active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action?

reciprocal inhibition

What is the mechanism of action for active stretching?

reciprocal inhibition

When performing a dumbbell biceps curl, the biceps brachii is considered the agonist (prime mover), and the triceps become inhibited antagonist. What is this phenomenon called?

reciprocal inhibition

When performing a dumbbell biceps curl, the biceps brachii is considered the agonist (prime mover), and the triceps become the inhibited antagonist. What is this phenomenon called?

reciprocal inhibition

The lengthening reaction is often seen with what type of flexibility technique?

static stretching

Which muscle would you be targeting for SMR if you placed the roller along the front and slightly lateral (outside) part of the upper thigh (just below the pelvis)?

tensor fascia latae

Flexibility is defined as the following

Normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows for complete range of motion

What are two medical precautions for self-myofascial techniques?

Joint hypermobility and scoliosis

What principle describes the nervous system's ability to recruit the correct muscles to perform movement?

Neuromuscular efficiency

Flexibility is defined as the following:

Normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows for complete range of motion

Which term best describes observable movement of the limb?

Osteokinematics

What is it called when an individual performs the same task repeatedly over time, which can lead to movement dysfunction?

Pattern overload

What is an example of a mechanism that can lead to muscle imbalance?

Postural distortions

What are two signs of a muscle being overstretched?

Prolonged joint or muscle pain lasting more than 24 hours and swelling in the muscle

What are two signs of a muscle being overstretched?

Prolonged joint or muscle pain lasting more than 24 hours and swelling in the muscle.

What term refers to the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover (agonist)?

Synergistic dominance

What are the recommended training variables for dynamic stretching?

1 set, 10 to 15 repetitions, 3 to 10 exercises

What is a safe flexibility modification that you can recommend to a client who has varicose veins?

Gentle static stretching

Which physiological systems comprise the human movement system (HMS)?

Muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems

What is the term used to describe a type of stretching that uses agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into the range of motion?

active stretching

What are the recommended training variables for static stretching?

1-3 sets Hold each stretch for 30 seconds

Which answer best represents the timeframe when delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) occurs after strenuous exercise?

24 to 72 hours after strenuous exercise

What should precede dynamic stretching if an individual possesses muscle imbalances?

Self-myofascial techniques and static stretching

What are the two primary actions of the Golgi Tendon Organ?

Sense change in muscle-tendon tension and speed of tension change

Why is the shoulder stand yoga pose considered to be a controversial upper-body stretch?

This stretch provides excessive stress to the neck, shoulders, and spine.

Why is the shoulder stand yoga pose considered to be a controversial upper-body stretch?

This stretch provides excessive stress to the neck, shoulders, and spine.

What are the steps in the cumulative injury cycle?

Tissue Trauma, Inflammation, Muscle Spasm, Adhesions, Altered Neuromuscular control, Muscle Imbalance

Which regard to the culminating injury cycle, current theory supports the idea that repetitive movements, such as long periods of poor posture, are believed to lead to which of the following?

Tissue trauma and inflammation

What is the goal of dynamic stretching?

To prepare the body for more intense activity

True or false? The mechanical effect of direct roller compression is the relaxation of the local myofascia by increasing local blood flow and reducing myofascial restriction and adhesions.

True