Chapter 14/15

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances present in blood plasma include

- amino acids - urea - creatinine

Which of the following influences arterial blood pressure?

- blood volume - heart rate - blood viscosity - stroke volume

An erythrocyte is about ___ hemoglobin by volume.

1/3

Leukopenia is a disorder resulting from conditions like HIV and aplastic anemia that causes levels of white blood cells to drop below the normal standard. Which of the following white blood cell counts suggests leukopenia?

3,000 WBCs per microliter of blood

The normal white blood cell count is ________ cells per microliter of blood

4,500

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about _____%.

45

The normal white blood cell count is

5,000 - 10,000 cells/mm3 of blood

Which of the following are most active as phagocytes?

Neutrophils

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.

Which blood type is called the universal donor?

Type O

A condition occurs where the number of basophils in the blood drastically decreases. Which of the following would directly result from the loss of basophils?

Wound areas won't produce an inflammatory reaction and attract an immune response from defensive leukocytes.

A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching

a lung through a pulmonary artery

Sickle cell disease is caused by

a mutation

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

act against foreign substances

Which of the following is not required for the formation of a blood clot?

albumin

The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign molecules are

antibodies

Type AB blood contains

antigen A and antigen B

Vessels which carry blood away from the heart are termed

arteries

Pus is composed of

bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.

Plasma electrolytes include

bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions

Which of the following correctly describes the location of the heart chambers and valves?

bicuspid valve - permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

The familiar brown color of human feces comes primarily from the orange-colored product of red blood cell breakdown that has been secreted in the bile and has become brown as it travels through the intestines. Which product contributes to this color?

bilirubin

"Formed elements" are

blood cells and platelets

The site of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells is the

capillaries

The ___ artery of the coronary circuit is found on the back and left side of the heart.

circumflex

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include

creatinine

Platelets are best described as

cytoplasm fragments of cells

Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

deoxyhemoglobin

The squeezing of a white blood cell between the cells of capillary walls and entering the tissue space outside the blood vessel is called

diapedesis

A recording of the electrical changes in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle is termed

electrocardiogram

The percentage of which leukocyte would be elevated in the blood of a person having a parasitic infection?

eosinophil

The hormone released by the kidneys and liver which stimulates red blood cell production is

erythropoietin

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

fibrinogen to fibrin

Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ________ in color and bilirubin is ________ in color.

greenish; orange

Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (APO) because it

increases red blood cell supply, increasing more oxygen to muscle cells

Heparin prevents blood clotting by

inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.

Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of

intrinsic factor

Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into

iron and the bile pigment bilirubin, which is eventually converted to biliverdin.

The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is

iron deficiency anemia

Which of the following function in producing immunity in the body?

lymphocytes

While looking at a sample of blood in a microscope, you see a purple-stained cell that is markedly larger than a red blood cell (about two to three times larger). It has a large kidney-shaped nucleus. What type of blood cell is this?

monocyte

Which of the following are agranulocytes?

monocytes

Diapedesis is

movements of white blood cells out of the circulation

An abnormal heart sound from the cusps not completely closing is

murmur

Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched?

myocardium - muscular contractions

Of the following, which are most active as phagocytes?

netrophils

A patient comes to the hospital with a suspected case of MRSA (a dangerous bacterial infection). Which of the following blood components would you expect to show elevated numbers in a blood test?

neutrophils

Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?

platelets

Which of the following is NOT a dietary factor necessary for red blood cell production?

potassium

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the

red blood cells

Blood platelets

release serotonin

The coronary sinus drains blood from the wall of the heart into the

right atrium

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?

right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

When the ventricles contract arterial blood pressure

rises

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

sinoatrial node

The right atrium receives blood directly from the

superior vena cave, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus only

Contraction of a heart chamber is termed ___ and relaxation is termed ___.

systole; diastole

When the ventricular walls contract,

the bicuspid and tricuspid valves close

Hematocrit is ______________

the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample

A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n)

thrombus

An abnormal blood clot is termed a

thrombus

What occurs with edema?

tissues swell with fluid

The blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during

ventricular systole