Chapter 15

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings

are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia.

the fusiform gyrus is a region of _____ tissue on the _____ surface of the brain where the _____ and _____ cortices meet

cortical; inferior; occipital; temporal

the inability to _____ between a basketball and a soccer ball is likely the result of extensive damage to _____

discriminate; the right fusiform gyrus

Wernicke's aphasia is also called

fluent aphasia

Astereognosis is the

inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation

Studies using fMRI show that in addition to face recognition, the fusiform region is also activated when identifying

individual members of other categories, such as birds or cars, especially if the viewer has relevant expertise in those categories

Hemispheric specialization is also known as

lateralization

the tachistoscope test confirms verbal stimuli presented to the _____ are are recognized better than when to the _____

left hemisphere; right hemisphere

Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to the

left visual field

there is more brain activation in Broca's area during

more complex language processing tasks

Broca's aphasia is also called

nonfluent aphasia

prosody is the

perception of emotional tone-of-voice aspects of language

with damage to the right fusiform gyrus a person CAN still

recognize voices

The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm.

restraining

The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody.

right; right

In the _____ test, stimuli are very briefly presented to either the left or right visual fields

tachistoscope

forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers:

tauopathy, dementia, chronic traumatic encephalopathy

The challenge facing researchers who seek to study the functions of the two brain hemispheres is that

the hemispheres have many connections and function as one

Williams syndrome provides evidence for

the heritability of language

prosopagnosia is

the inability to identify faces (face blindness)

In people with prosopagnosia

the right hemisphere is impaired

Consistent with the motor theory of speech perception, deaf people who use American Sign Language use _______ language-related regions of the left hemisphere as hearing people who use spoken language do.

the same

(motor theory of language) when we listen to speech we process the speech sounds using

the same neural systems we use to make those sounds

Mirror therapy has been shown to be useful for rehabilitation after brain injury as it

tricks the brain into thinking they are moving the paralyzed arm

may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage:

use of stem cells, neurogenesis, collateral sprouting

A 45-year old individual that played football all his life is showing signs of confusion and memory loss. If you were to examine his brain, what would you expect to find?

Abnormal expression of tau

A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Broca's

Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis

Broca's aphasia

A patient speaks in a fluent manner, although her speech contains many paraphasias that make it unintelligible. She also demonstrates poor comprehension of verbal material. This patient is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Wernicke's

Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided numbness

Wernicke's aphasia

The relationship between the direction of the whorl of hair on the top of the head and handedness supports the idea that

a single gene has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body

Because apes seem able to learn a version of American Sign Language (ASL), some researchers have concluded that they are able to acquire language. Those who disagree, however, offer which criticism of this conclusion?

Chimpanzees may only be imitating the gestures of trainers

Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?

If a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery

Which statement about language lateralization in monkeys is true?

Similar to humans, monkeys show a preference for using the right ear (which has connects to the contralateral side) to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics.

In most split-brain patients, words presented to the left visual field

cannot be repeated verbally

in split brain patients the _____ has been cut

corpus callosum

Broca's area is located on the ____ inferior ____ cortex, just ____ to the primary motor cortex

left; frontal; anterior

PET scans of brain activation during progressively more complex language processing tasks showed _______ in Broca's area as compared to activation during simple word repetition or reading aloud.

marked activation

the hair whorl is randomly clockwise or counterclockwise in

non-right-handers

both hemispheres have some capacity for facial recognition which is why the worst cases of _____ are seen in those with _____ damage to the _____

prosopagnosia; bilateral; fusiform gyrus

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is also called

punch-drunk syndrome

facial blindness is likely the result of extensive damage to the

right fusiform gyrus

the tachistoscope test confirms nonverbal visual stimuli such as faces presented to the _____ are better recognized than when to the _____

right hemisphere; left hemisphere

the hair whorl is clockwise in 93% of

right-handers

Wernicke's area is centered on a region of the ____ temporal cortex, between the ____ cortex and the ____ gyrus

superior; primary auditory; angular

Like Alzheimer's, CTE is a type of

tauopathy