Chapter 15
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings
are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia.
the fusiform gyrus is a region of _____ tissue on the _____ surface of the brain where the _____ and _____ cortices meet
cortical; inferior; occipital; temporal
the inability to _____ between a basketball and a soccer ball is likely the result of extensive damage to _____
discriminate; the right fusiform gyrus
Wernicke's aphasia is also called
fluent aphasia
Astereognosis is the
inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation
Studies using fMRI show that in addition to face recognition, the fusiform region is also activated when identifying
individual members of other categories, such as birds or cars, especially if the viewer has relevant expertise in those categories
Hemispheric specialization is also known as
lateralization
the tachistoscope test confirms verbal stimuli presented to the _____ are are recognized better than when to the _____
left hemisphere; right hemisphere
Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to the
left visual field
there is more brain activation in Broca's area during
more complex language processing tasks
Broca's aphasia is also called
nonfluent aphasia
prosody is the
perception of emotional tone-of-voice aspects of language
with damage to the right fusiform gyrus a person CAN still
recognize voices
The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm.
restraining
The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody.
right; right
In the _____ test, stimuli are very briefly presented to either the left or right visual fields
tachistoscope
forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers:
tauopathy, dementia, chronic traumatic encephalopathy
The challenge facing researchers who seek to study the functions of the two brain hemispheres is that
the hemispheres have many connections and function as one
Williams syndrome provides evidence for
the heritability of language
prosopagnosia is
the inability to identify faces (face blindness)
In people with prosopagnosia
the right hemisphere is impaired
Consistent with the motor theory of speech perception, deaf people who use American Sign Language use _______ language-related regions of the left hemisphere as hearing people who use spoken language do.
the same
(motor theory of language) when we listen to speech we process the speech sounds using
the same neural systems we use to make those sounds
Mirror therapy has been shown to be useful for rehabilitation after brain injury as it
tricks the brain into thinking they are moving the paralyzed arm
may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage:
use of stem cells, neurogenesis, collateral sprouting
A 45-year old individual that played football all his life is showing signs of confusion and memory loss. If you were to examine his brain, what would you expect to find?
Abnormal expression of tau
A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.
Broca's
Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis
Broca's aphasia
A patient speaks in a fluent manner, although her speech contains many paraphasias that make it unintelligible. She also demonstrates poor comprehension of verbal material. This patient is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.
Wernicke's
Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided numbness
Wernicke's aphasia
The relationship between the direction of the whorl of hair on the top of the head and handedness supports the idea that
a single gene has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body
Because apes seem able to learn a version of American Sign Language (ASL), some researchers have concluded that they are able to acquire language. Those who disagree, however, offer which criticism of this conclusion?
Chimpanzees may only be imitating the gestures of trainers
Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?
If a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery
Which statement about language lateralization in monkeys is true?
Similar to humans, monkeys show a preference for using the right ear (which has connects to the contralateral side) to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics.
In most split-brain patients, words presented to the left visual field
cannot be repeated verbally
in split brain patients the _____ has been cut
corpus callosum
Broca's area is located on the ____ inferior ____ cortex, just ____ to the primary motor cortex
left; frontal; anterior
PET scans of brain activation during progressively more complex language processing tasks showed _______ in Broca's area as compared to activation during simple word repetition or reading aloud.
marked activation
the hair whorl is randomly clockwise or counterclockwise in
non-right-handers
both hemispheres have some capacity for facial recognition which is why the worst cases of _____ are seen in those with _____ damage to the _____
prosopagnosia; bilateral; fusiform gyrus
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is also called
punch-drunk syndrome
facial blindness is likely the result of extensive damage to the
right fusiform gyrus
the tachistoscope test confirms nonverbal visual stimuli such as faces presented to the _____ are better recognized than when to the _____
right hemisphere; left hemisphere
the hair whorl is clockwise in 93% of
right-handers
Wernicke's area is centered on a region of the ____ temporal cortex, between the ____ cortex and the ____ gyrus
superior; primary auditory; angular
Like Alzheimer's, CTE is a type of
tauopathy