Chapter 15

Which DNA sequence would also work in place of the following bi-directional enhancer? 5' GTTC 3' 3' CAAG 5' 5' GAAC 3' 3' CTTG 5' 5' CTTG 3' 3' GAAC 5' 5' CAAG 3' 3' GTTC 5' 5' CTTC 3' 3' GAAG 5'

5' GAAC 3' 3' CTTG 5'

Which of the following might complicate the interpretation of ChIP-Seq data? Because histones can be moved around or ejected from the chromatin, DNA that is only sometimes wrapped around a histone might not be sequenced. DNA wrapped around nucleosomes can never be sequenced. The regions of DNA wrapped around a histone is too long to be sequenced with current technologies. The DNA between nucleosomes are too compacted to be sequenced.

Because histones can be moved around or ejected from the chromatin, DNA that is only sometimes wrapped around a histone might not be sequenced.

Which of the following is the most likely location of an insulator sequence? At the end of a gene In the middle of a gene At the beginning of a gene Between two genes Within an intron

Between two genes

Which one of the following directly interacts with the DNA as a transcriptional regulator? cAMP G protein Protein kinase A CREB protein dimer Glucocorticoid response element

CREB protein dimer

Histone acetyltransferases are directly involved in which of the following? Removal of histones from chromatin Movement of nucleosomes Chemical modification of histones Termination of gene expression Insertion of variant histone proteins

Chemical modification of histones

CpG islands are associated with which of the following? Nucleosome location DNA methylation Steroid hormone activity cAMP pathway

DNA methylation

Genomic imprinting is a result of ___________. Nucleosome location Histone activation DNA methylation Serine to leucine changes in the genetic code

DNA methylation

What would be the result of a mutation in Hsp90 that prevented its binding to the glucocorticoid receptor? Glucocorticoid receptor could not form a dimer The nuclear localization signal would no longer function Expression of the regulated genes would become constitutive The hormone would not be able to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor

Expression of the regulated genes would become constitutive

Which of the following is a region in DNA that binds to a steroid receptor? GRE IRE CRE CREB

GRE

A mutation in which of the following would result in little or no effect on the expression of a gene regulated by a CRE? G protein Adenylyl cyclase Protein kinase A CREB Glucocorticoid receptor

Glucocorticoid receptor

For which of the following histones has variant forms not yet been identified? H1 H2A H2B H3 H4

H4

Which of the following recognizes response elements, control elements, and regulatory elements? General transcription factors Regulatory transcription factors Mediator Transactivation domains

Regulatory transcription factors

In ChIP-Seq, the DNA fragments to be sequenced are around 150 bp in length. What does this size of DNA represent? The length of a promoter The amount of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome The average length of a gene The average distance between genes The amount of DNA between nucleosomes

The amount of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome

A particular cell contains all of the standard histones but lacks several histone variants. Which of the following MAY be true of this cell? The cell will be completely unable to remodel its chromatin. The cell will have an enhanced ability to chemically modify its histones. The cell will be unable to express any of its genes at all. The cell will express different sets of genes than other cells in the same organism. The cell will not be able to divide.

The cell will express different sets of genes than other cells in the same organism.

What might happen if the insulator between two genes is missing? Without the insulator, neither gene can be transcribed. Transcription factors influencing one gene's expression may abnormally influence a neighboring gene's expression. Transcription factors will not be able to influence the expression of either gene. Without insulation, both genes will be expressed at maximal levels. Transcription factors will not be able to bind to the insulator.

Transcription factors influencing one gene's expression may abnormally influence a neighboring gene's expression.

In the presence of abundant iron in the cell, the iron binds IRP. The complex is then released from IREs leading to an increase in ferritin mRNA translation and a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability. an increase in transferrin receptor mRNA stability and a decrease in ferritin mRNA translation. an increase in transferrin receptor mRNA stability and ferritin mRNA translation. an decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability and ferritin mRNA translation.

an increase in ferritin mRNA translation and a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability.

What general transcription factor is most often affected by regulatory transcription factors? TFIIB TFIID TFIIE TFIIF

TFIID

What activates CREB? Binding of cAMP Phosphorylation Dimerization Lowering of cAMP concentration Binding to GRE

Phosphorylation

Which DNA sequence important for gene expression is usually contained within the NFR? Core promoter CREB binding site Histone binding site Transcription termination sequence Hormone response element

Core promoter

Which of the following is a major finding from the ENCODE project? More than 80% of the human genome sequence is linked to a biological function. In humans, one gene encodes exactly one protein. Genes were identified for all known diseases. There are more than 10 million regulatory sites in human DNA.

More than 80% of the human genome sequence is linked to a biological function.

A particular gene has a mutation in its NFR that causes it to bind abnormally tightly to histones. What effect would you expect this mutation has on the expression of this gene? The expression of the gene would be abnormally high. The effect on gene expression is impossible to predict. The gene would encode a different protein instead. The expression of the gene would be abnormally low or absent. The promoter of the gene will be constantly available to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.

The expression of the gene would be abnormally low or absent.