Chapter 15

A Q-angle greater than ______ degrees can predispose the individual to patellar injuries

18

Rotational capability of the tibia with respect to the femur is maximal at approximately ______ of knee ______.

B) 90 degrees, flexion

Each of the bursae in the knee is contained within the joint capsule.

False

Longitudinal tears of the meniscus are due largely to degeneration

False

Normal passive glide of the patellofemoral joint should be restored before full flexion exercises, resisted exercises, or bicycling is initiated.

True

A meniscal tear in which an entire longitudinal segment is displaced medially toward the center of the tibia is termed a:

bucket-handle tear

A kick or blow to the posterolateral aspect of the knee can contuse which nerve

common peroneal

characteristics of "jumper's knee"

pain with resisted knee extension pain with passive knee flexion beyond 120 degrees pain after prolonged sitting

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of "jumper's knee"?

point tenderness at the superior pole of the patella

The muscle that unlocks the knee from its close-packed position is the

popliteus

Atrophy of the ________ is nearly always evident in patellofemoral dysfunction.

vastus medialis oblique

Posterior knee swelling may indicate all of the following, except:

venous thrombosis

Posterior swelling may indicate all of the following conditions

venous thrombosis Baker's cyst gastrocnemius strain

When observing the knee during injury evaluation, the knee should be in _______ to relieve any strain on the joint structure.

30 degrees of flexion

An athlete has developed a synovial herniation in the popliteal space. This condition is termed:

Baker's cyst

Posterior knee swelling may indicate

Baker's cyst gastrocnemius strain biceps femoris strain

Which of the following tests should be used to confirm chondromalacia

Clarke's

Because the cruciate ligaments are intrasynovial and extracapsular, they have a special protective covering to protect them from the synovial fluid.

False

Damage to the posterior cruciate ligament commonly occurs during a cutting or turning maneuver, when landing in an off-balance position after a jump, or during sudden deceleration.

False

Palpable pain and crepitus, particularly along the edge of the medial femoral condyle, with the knee flexed at 45 degrees, indicates patellar tendinitis.

False

Peak incidence of meniscal injuries occurs in men and women between the ages of 21 and 40 years.

False

The iliotibial band is a medial stabilizer of the knee

False

Why is the medial meniscus more likely to be injured than the lateral meniscus?

It is more securely attached to the tibia making it less mobile

A traction-type injury to the tibial apophysis where the patellar tendon attaches onto the tibial tuberosity is called:

Osgood-Schlatter disease

______ bursitis is often associated with running and cycling and is routinely aggravated by

Pes anserine

. The vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is the dynamic stabilizer that resists lateral displacement of the patella.

True

An apophyseal fracture at the tibial tuberosity commonly results from a violent quadriceps contraction against a fixed foot.

True

If an anterior cruciate ligament injury is suspected, Lachman's test should be performed before any other stress test.

True

If the anterior cruciate ligament is injured, joint effusion may not appear until 1 to 2 hours after the injury, even though an acute care protocol was followed

True

In the sagittal plane, the patella serves to increase the angle of pull of the patellar tendon on the tibia, thereby improving the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles for producing knee extension.

True

Point tenderness over the lateral facet of the patella and intense pain and crepitus when the patella is manually compressed into the patellofemoral groove are signs of patellofemoral stress syndrome.

True

The knee is directly affected by motions and forces coming from the foot, ankle, and lower leg

True

functions of the meniscus

absorption and dissipation of force improves congruency of the joint surfaces serves as soft tissue restraint that resists anterior tibial displacement

The Q-angle is the

angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon

What ligament is often injured during a cutting maneuver, sudden deceleration, or landing in an off-balance position after a jump?

anterior cruciate

The "unhappy triad" involves the"

anterior cruciate medial menisci tibial collateral ligament

Which of the following tests should be performed to confirm a suspected patellar dislocation

apprehension test

Which of the following is NOT a function of the meniscus?

assists the ligaments and capsule in preventing hyperflexion

Bursitis is most likely to result from

compressive force

The menisci are attached to the superior plateaus of the tibia by what structures

coronary ligaments

The largest bursa of the body is the

deep infrapatellar

A runner reports with lateral leg pain that is point tender over the femoral condyle about 2 to 3 cm above the lateral joint line. Evaluation indicates a positive Ober's test. What structure could be involved with this injury?

iliotibial band

Immediate swelling of the knee after acute injury usually indicates:

intra-articular injury

The patellar tap test is used to indicate:

intra-articular or extra-articular swelling

Closed-chain exercises for the knee include

mini squats

Larsen-Johansson disease involves all of the following, except

occurs at the tibial tubercle

A condition in which the lateral retinaculum is tight or the vastus medialis is weak, leading to lateral excursion and pressure on the lateral facet of the patella, is called:

patellofemoral stress syndrome

The strongest ligament at the knee is the

posterior cruciate

The bursa most commonly injured by compressive forces at the knee is the

prepatellar

characteristics of patella plica syndrome

pseudolocking positive stutter test anterior knee pain aggravated by quadriceps exercises

Because the medial and lateral condyles of the femur differ somewhat in size, shape, and orientation, the tibia rotates laterally on the femur during the last few degrees of extension. This action is known as:

screw-home mechanism

The medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament and to fibers from the

semimembranosus

The pes anserine is the common attachment of the sartorius, gracilis, and

semitendinosus

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of patella plica syndrome?

significant joint effusion

The medial meniscus can often be injured in combination with a hamstring injury because:

the medial meniscus is attached to fibers of the semimembranosus

Meniscal injuries are difficult to assess because:

they lack innervation by nociceptors

A positive valgus instability test result at 30 degrees of flexion indicates damage to what ligament?

tibial collateral

A female cross-country runner is suspected of having iliotibial band friction syndrome. During a posture exam, what should be observed to determine if she is at risk for developing this condition?

• Pain with exercise progresses from not restrictive to restrictive even with ADLs • Extreme point tenderness 2 to 3 cm proximal to lateral joint line over epicondyle with leg flexed at 30° • + Noble and Ober compression tests • Observe for increased Q angle, valgus knee, excessive pronation