Chapter 15 Assessment

Which type of blood vessel can serve as pressure reservoirs?

Arteries

What happens to the velocity of blood flow, as blood flows from the venules to the veins?

Increases

What is the primary function of the smooth muscle of a blood vessel?

It regulates the diameter of the lumen

What effect will a large increase in blood volume have on blood pressure, in a blood vessel with a high compliance as compared to one with low compliance?

It will increase blood pressure more in the blood vessel with lower compliance.

How is mean arterial pressure calculated?

MAP = DP + 1/3 (SP - DP)

Identify the structure shown in the image.

Sinusoid

Which type of blood vessel contains valves to prevent backflow of blood?

Veins

The amount of blood that leaves the systemic veins and flows into the heart is known as what?

Venous return

What is the main way that the body regulates the amount of blood flowing to an organ?

adjusting the radii of arterioles supplying the organ

Which type of blood vessel is important for regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

arterioles

Why is velocity of blood flow faster in arteries and veins than it is in capillaries?

because arteries and veins have a larger diameter

Which type of blood vessel serves as exchange vessels?

capillaries

Increasing resistance in blood vessels causes an increase in blood pressure and a/an ___________ in blood flow

decrease

How does the cardiovascular system cause heart rate to decrease?

decreases activity in sympathetic neurons and increases activity in parasympathetic neurons

Oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the blood through what process?

diffusion

What is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

extracts wastes from blood

The thickness of blood is known as blood

viscosity

If diastolic pressure is 90mmHg, and systolic pressure is 180mmHg, what would pulse pressure be?

90 mmHG (PP = SP-DP)

Which type of capillary has the largest fenestrations and intercellular clefts?

sinusoids

Where is the largest amount of blood volume found in the cardiovascular system at rest?

systemic veins and venules