Chapter 15 - Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Children born with phenylketonuria __________. a. are unable to metabolize the lipoid phenylalanine b. lack the liver enzyme needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine c. have a disorder of lipoid metabolism d. lack the amino acid phenylalanine

b

Which of the following is a risk factor for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? a. Middle socioeconomic status b. Inconsistent parental discipline c. Vaccines d. Childhood obesity

b

Phenylketonuria is treated with __________. a. cognitive behavioral therapy b. behavioral conditioning c. the elimination of phenylalanine-containing foods d. antidepressant medication

c

The incidence of Down syndrome increases __________. a. when the mother drinks heavily during pregnancy b. if the father is extremely young c. as the age of the parent increases d. when the mother is exposed to lead during pregnancy

c

We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder __________. a. are girls b. come from poverty-stricken environments c. were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 d. also suffer from depression, tic disorders, and other forms of psychopathology

c

What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior? a. Conduct disorder and childhood depression b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder c. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder d. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood depression

c

What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed? a. Few childhood disorders had been identified. b. There was a hesitancy to identify childhood disorders because parents were likely to be blamed for any diagnosis given. c. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children. d. The role of parents in the development of disordered behavior was overemphasized.

c

Deaira developed conduct disorder early. Malik developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that __________. a. Malik will have a higher likelihood of social dysfunctions b. Malik will show more severe neuropsychological deficits and attentional problems c. Deaira will have a higher level of intelligence d. Deaira will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder

d

Most cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults are characterized by __________ rather than __________. a. anxiety; inattention b. anxiety; hyperactivity c. hyperactivity; inattention d. inattention; hyperactivity

d

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence __________. a. predicts the development of other psychopathology in adulthood b. rarely occurs c. commonly occurs in teens who suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder d. is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder is

d

The hallmark symptom of autism is __________. a. strange behavior b. lack of language c. intellectual disability d. lack of interest in other people

d

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is __________. a. selective mutism b. depression c, generalized anxiety disorder d. specific phobias

d

Which of the following individuals best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis? a. Laci, a 12-year-old girl who soils herself at school b. Constance, a 10-year-old girl who also has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. Paco, a 14-year-old boy who suffers from chronic diarrhea d. Martin, a 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress

d

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children? a. it is due to immaturity - they will show more emotion as they age b. they have no emotions c. they have a neurological impairment - they can feel but not show emotion d. they lack the ability to pick up on social cues

d

Which of the following is one of the four instances where the law allows for the treatment of a child or adolescent without parental consent? a. Immature minors who are not capable of making their own decisions b. Custody cases c. Lawsuits resulting from delinquent acts d. Emancipated minors

d

A crucial aspect for those in the field of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation __________. a. in the context of normal developmental changes b. as a phenomenon that is no different in children than in adults c. in a cultural context that determines what is acceptable behavior d. as a disease process

a

Currently, the cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is believed to be __________. a. both genetic and social-environmental factors b. an allergic reaction to certain foods and food additives c. excessive sugar in the diet d. a combination of family pathology and poor peer modeling

a

Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as imipramine, are thought to __________, although the mechanism is unclear. a. decrease the deepest stage of sleep b. increase water retention c. inhibit reflexive bladder emptying d. alleviate the anxiety that leads to poor bladder control

a

One effect of Ritalin as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that it __________. a. increases alertness b. interferes with glutamate activity c. increases aggressiveness d. quiets the voices

a

Studies looking at whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants have shown that __________. a. depression in either the mother or the father can be transmitted to the next generation b. fathers tend to blame themselves when children are depressed, but mothers blame the children c. both mothers and fathers engage in impulsive, antisocial behaviors that children mimic d. depressed mothers are overly responsive to their infants' facial expressions

a