Chapter 15 OCE

True

One characteristic of hydrothermal vent communities is the unusually large size of organisms such as tubeworms and clams. T or F

very high temperature

All of the following are associated with hypersaline seeps except:

the distribution of reef-building corals is greater in the tropics

All of the following are true of corals except:

1

Along a rocky shore, the spray zone is indicated by the number:

sessile animals, nektobenthos, and very few infauna

Benthic animals inhabiting the rocky intertidal environment consist mostly of _________.

True

Coral reefs contain 25% of all known marine species. T or F

True

Coral reefs contain more algal biomass than animal biomass. T or F

C

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words or phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. buckshot barnacle B. chiton C. hermit crab D. limpet E. periwinkle

True

Hermit crabs are commonly found inhabitants of tide pools. T or F

False

Intertidal zonation across a sediment-covered shore is best seen when the shore is gently sloping. T or F

True

Kelps with air bladders are common along the western and northwestern Pacific coasts of the United States. T or F

primary productivity

The distribution of benthic biomass is related to:

subtidal rocky bottoms

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. kelp

sandy beahces

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. sand dollar

high tide zone, supratidal zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Littorina (periwinkle snail)

middle tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Mytilus (mussels)

low tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Pisaster (sea star)

middle tide zone, tide pool

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. hermit crab

low tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. sea anemone

Sea urchin

The organism posing the greatest threat to the kelp forest is the _________.

mud flats

Organic matter decomposes most slowly in _________.

two-thirds

Recent studies indicate that the deep biosphere, an environment that exists within the seafloor itself, may account for up to _________ of Earth's total bacterial biomass.

amount of inorganic nutrients in the water

Sewage discharge and fertilizer runoff is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the

True

Some of the more common fauna of sediment-covered shores include bivalve mollusks, annelid worms, and crustaceans. T or F

have planktonic larval forms

Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they:

True

The Crown of Thorns sea star may be increasingly more common because its predators are fish species belonging to populations that have dramatically decreased due to overfishing. T or F

7

The area on a rocky shore inhabited by organisms adapted to withstand wave energy for the majority of the tidal cycle is indicated by the number:

lugworm

The common annelid found in a sandy beach environment is the:

loss of zooxanthellae

The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms can be a result of:

Space

The most important limiting factor in rocky intertidal communities is:

burrowing into the sediment

The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is:

mutualistic symbiosis

The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a/an:

Kelp

The subtidal rocky bottom zone along temperate shorelines is dominated by:

False

The supratidal zone of the rocky shore is the area between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide. T or F

mutualism

The symbiotic relationship between the coral animals and the zooxanthellae is an example of _________.

True

The temperature of the ocean water has a significant effect on species diversity of benthic communities. T or F

hydrocarbon seep

These organisms are inhabitants of a/an. photo of mussels and tubeworms

buckshot barnacles and limpets

Two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are: