Chapter 15: Scalp Care Shampooing & Conditioning
A pH scale ranges from:
0-14
Conditioning shampoos
Designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny
The process of heating water so that it becomes a vapor and then condensing the purified vapor so that it collects as a liquid called ______
Distillation
A client appears to have a scalp disease that may be infectious. What should you do?
Do no do the Service and refer them to a physician.
This may be done in combination with a scalp steamer:
Dry hair and scalp treatment
Hair that has been damaged by improper care and exposure to ____ such as wind, sun, cold, and heat may need to be treated with more conditioning agents.
Elements
A client who has high blood pressure should never have a scalp massage.
False
As long as clients look great when they leave the salon, how they handle their home-care regimen is unimportant to you as a professional.
False
Conditioners can fully repair hair and can improve the quality of new hair growth
False
Do not brush a clients hair if it is oily
False
The same products are used for both relaxation and treatment massages.
False
You should advise all clients to wash their hair everyday
False
___ is often found in well water and contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.
Hard water
How should you shampoo a client who is in a wheelchair?
Have them remain in wheelchair, facing the shampoo bowl and bending forward, with a towel to protect their face.
The ___ the pH rating, the stronger and harsher the shampoo
Higher
The amount of ____ in a solution is what determines whether it is alkaline or acid.
Hydrogen
Primary surfactant and base detergent mean the same thing as follows:
Hydrophilic or water-attracting head and lipophilic or oil attracting tail.
A surfactant molecule has two ends: a ___ "head," and a ____ "tail."
Hydrophilic, Lipophilic
Describe the objective of the post service procedure.
Is it a step-by-step plan for caring for your client after the procedure has been completed. It helps your client through the payment process of the salon and provides information for you on how to prepare for the next client.
Professional cosmetologists should take time to read product _____ because doing this will help them make informed decisions about the use of various shampoos
Labels
The best type of hair brush to use for brushing hair is one that has _____ bristles
Natural
The main goal of this treatment is to maintain the scalp and hair in a clean and healthy condition:
Normal hair and scalp treatment
This treatment is performed for clients who have overactive sebaceous glands:
Oily hair and scalp treatment
The manipulations for a treatment massage mirror those of a relaxation massage but would include the _____
Preapplication of appropriate products
A client who has coarse and extremely curly hair would benefit most from which of the following products?
Protein and moisturizing treatments
_____ are designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within to temporarily reconstructing the hair.
Protein conditioner
Why is silicone often added to conditioners?
Reflects light and makes the hair appear shiny.
To be effective, a shampoo must _____
Remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair.
The shampoo service actually encompasses three different processes:
Scalp care & massage, shampooing, and conditioning
One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is the _____
Shampoo
A slightly ___ shampoo more closely matches the ideal pH of hair.
Slightly acidic
_____ is rainwater or chemically softened water.
Soft water
Shampoos for hairpieces and wigs
Special solutions available for hair enhancements
What does excessive shampooing do?
Strips the hair of its protective oil (sebum) that, in small amounts, seals and protects the hair's cuticle.
What are humectants?
Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture.
A client who has straight, fine hair would benefit most from which of the following products?
Volumizing shampoo
Balancing shampoos
Wash away excess oiliness, while preventing the hair from drying out
What is deionized water?
Water that has had impurities, such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable, removed.
During the shampoo process, the hydrophilic head attracts ___ and the lipophilic tail attracts ___.
Water, Oil
Why should you avoid touching a female client's face with your hands or water while performing a shampoo?
You may remove some of her makeup and she may feel self-conscious during her visit.
The shampoo can and should be:
a) Soothing B) Pleasureable
What conditions should you check for when analyzing scalp and hair?
a.) Dry, dehydrated hair b.) Excessive shedding of the hair c.) Thinning of the hair d.) Dry, tight scalp e.) Oily scalp f.) Abnormal flaking on the scalp g.) Open wounds or scalp irritations h.) Scalp disorders or diseases i.) Tick or lice infestation
Hair can usually be characterized as:
a.) Oily b.) Dry c.) Normal d.) Chemically treated
Why is it important for you to understand the classification of the water in the salon where you work?
because it is used for shampoos, mixing solutions, and many other functions.
How often should the hair be shampooed?
often as necessary to remove dirt, oils, and product buildup
Explain what conditioners do.
smooths the cuticle and coat the hair shaft to achieve healthier looking hair.
Hair that has been ___ may require a product, such as a(n) ____ shampoo, that is less harsh and more conditioning.
Abused, Sulfate-Free
How should your select a shampoo for a client?
According to the condition of the client's hair and scalp
A shampoo that is ____ will have a pH ranging from 0 to 6.9
Acidic
A shampoo that is ___ will have a pH rating of 7.1 or higher
Alkaline
A client may need additional salon treatments and the frequent use of home care:
Anti dandruff Treatment
If you are unsure about whether it would be appropriate to perform a scalp massage on a client who has a medical condition, the best course would be to:
Avoid performing the massage
pH-balanced shampoos
Balanced to the pH of skin and hair
Describe why you think it is important for you to learn how to drape a client properly.
Because it contributes to the clients safety and comfort.
The shampoo service provides a good opportunity to make sure that the hair and scalp are properly cleansed and nourished, providing a great _____ for styling ongoing hair care.
Canvas
Water that comes from public water system often has ____ added to it to kill _____.
Chlorine, Bacteria
The primary purpose of a shampoo is to ______ the hair and scalp prior to a service.
Cleanse
Dry or powder shampoos
Cleanse the hair without the use of soap and water
____ are special chemical agents applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer, to help restore the hair's strength, to infuse moisture, to give it body, or to protect against possible breakage.
Conditioner
Medicated shampoos
Contain special ingredients that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions
______, also know as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures or concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer.
Deep conditioning treatment
List the two basic requirements for a healthy scalp:
1.) Cleanliness 2.) Stimulation
What are the four basic types of conditioners?
1.) Cleansing conditioner 2.) Rinse-out conditioner 3.) Treatment or repair conditioner 4.) Leave-in Conditioner
List three ways hair may be damaged.
1.) Harsh shampoos 2.) Improper care 3.) Exposure to elements
Describe two ways you can help protect yourself from muscle strain and other physical problems that may be caused by performing shampoos on clients.
1.) Keep your shoulders back while performing a shampoo 2.) Avoid slumping over the client or placing your torso, arms, and back into an unnatural position.
List four examples of ways hair may be chemically treated.
1.) Lightened 2.) Colored 3.) Permed 4.) Chemically relaxed
List six ingredients that may be added to base surfactants to create a shampoo
1.) Moisture 2.) Oil 3.) Protein 4.) Perservative 5.) Foam Enhancer 6.) Perfume
List the four different types of scalp treatments.
1.) Normal hair and scalp 2.) Dry hair and scalp 3.) Oily hair and scalp 4.) Antidandruff
List three benefits of correct hair brushing.
1.) Removes dust 2.) Removes dirt 3.) Removes hairspray build up and gives hair shine
List the two types of draping that are used o n clients.
1.) Shampooing draping 2.) Chemical service draping
List and describe four additional conditioning agents to be familiar with.
1.) Spray-on thermal protector: Applied to h air prior to any thermal service to protect the hair. 2.) Scalp conditioner: Found in a cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp. 3.) Medicated scalp lotion: Promotes healing of the scalp. 4.) Scalp astringment lotion: removes oil accumulation from the scalp and is used after a scalp treatment.
List 4 reasons a cosmetologist should study and have a thorough understanding of scalp care, shampooing, and conditioning.
1.) The shampoo service is the first opportunity to reinforce your position as a professional who attends specific needs. 2.) Examine, identify, and address hair and scalp conditions that do not require a physicians care and be able to refer clients if a more serious issue is identified. 3.) General knowledge of product category 4.) Successful home-care regimen recommendation will keep your work looking its best for all to see.
List at least three situations under which brushing a client's hair should be avoided
1.) if the scalp is irritated 2.) Prior to a chemical service 3.) Prior to or after hair color service 4.) Prior to or after bleach lightening or highlighting service
A neutral shampoo has a pH of
7
The cortex accounts for what percentage of the hair strand?
90 percent
What does the process create?
A push/pull process that causes the oils, dirt, and deposits to roll up into little balls that can be lifted off in the water and rinsed from the hair.
It is easy to miss which of the following when performing a shampoo?
The nape of the neck
Discuss why it is important to educate clients about which products they should be using for home care.
The wrong products can make a haircut look bad, can negatively affect the clients opinion of your work, and can affect the outcome of the chemical service.
Oily hair should be shampooed more often than normal or dry hair.
True
Water is the main ingredient in most shampoos
True
You should not perform a scalp massage on a scalp that has reddened scalp irritations .
True
Water is classified as a(n) ____ because it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other solvent known to science
Universal solvent
Color-enhancing shampoos
Used to brighten, to add a slight hint of color, or to eliminate unwanted color tones
Clarifying shampoos
Used when product build up is evident, after swimming, and prior to all chemical services