Chapter 15- Sexually Transmitted Infections

All clothes and sheets used prior to treatment must be washed when infected with: a.pubic lice and trichomoniasis. b.pubic lice and scabies. c.scabies and trichomoniasis. d.scabies and chlamydia.

B

All of the following may be used to treat genital warts EXCEPT: a.Zovirax. b.vaporization by carbon dioxide laser. c.topical applications of podofilox. d.freezing with liquid nitrogen.

A

A common severe disease among HIV-infected people, and one that accounts for many AIDS deaths is: a.pneumonia. b.liver cirrhosis. c.lung cancer. d.colon cancer.

A

All of the following are mentioned as factors that may trigger reactivation of the herpes virus EXCEPT: a.a diet high in vitamins and nutrients. b.emotional stress. c.menstruation. d.being overtired.

A

Chlamydia infection, if left untreated, may result in all of the following EXCEPT: a.genital warts. b.infection of the cervix. c.pelvic inflammatory disease. d.inflammation of the urethral tube.

A

HPV infections: a.are associated with various cancers. b.are caused by a bacterial microorganism. c.are usually treated with antibiotics. d.have decreased in incidence in recent years.

A

If a gonorrhea infection is left untreated in a female, what can result? a.pelvic inflammatory disease b.chancres c.blindness d.liver damage

A

In a small number of men, which of the following complications may arise from untreated gonorrhea? a.prostate abscesses b.a clear discharge from the urethra with sexual arousal c.inflammation of the penile glans and foreskin d.thick, greenish penile discharge

A

In order to prevent passing trichomoniasis back and forth between male and female sex partners, it is necessary to: a.treat the male partner even if he has no symptoms. b.avoid sexual intercourse for six weeks. c.give the woman ampicillin in addition to Flagyl. d.apply gentian violet to the penis and scrotum.

A

In which age group is it estimated that about half the STIs diagnosed annually in the United States occur? a.15-24 b.26-34 c.36-44 d.46-54

A

In women, genital warts most commonly appear on the: a.bottom part of the vaginal opening. b.labia. c.perineum. d.inner walls of the vagina.

A

Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis sometime during their: a.first three months of pregnancy. b.first five months of pregnancy. c.first six months of pregnancy. d.first eight months of pregnancy.

A

Sugar stored in vaginal cells appears to increase susceptibility to: a.yeast infections. b.trichomoniasis. c.bacterial vaginosis. d.chlamydia infection.

A

The most common symptom(s) of gonorrhea in men are: a.bad-smelling, cloudy penile discharge and burning sensations during urination. b.white, cheesy penile discharge and ticklish sensation during urination. c.inflammation of the penile glans and foreskin. d.thick, greenish penile discharge.

A

The primary mode of HIV transmission in Africa is: a.heterosexual contact. b.homosexual contact. c.intravenous drug use. d.blood transfusions.

A

To reduce the risk of a yeast infection, women should: a.add a daily lactobacillus acidophilus supplement to their diet. b.use glycerin-based lubricants. c.avoid yogurt. d.increase sugar intake.

A

Which of the following BEST describes the progression of syphilis over time if left untreated? a.painless sore; skin rash; no symptoms; severe systemic illness b.painful blister; no symptoms; eye infection; sterility c.vaginal or penile discharge; epididymitis or PID; penile or cervical cancer d.painless sore; no symptoms; PID or epididymitis; sterility

A

Which of the following MOST accurately describes symptoms of HIV within a few weeks of infection? a.fever, skin rashes, loss of appetite, swollen lymph glands b.headaches, high blood pressure, constipation, bloating c.chronic fatigue, night sweats, low blood pressure, hair loss d.swollen lymph glands, migraines, nausea, vomiting

A

Which of the following STIs can infect the throat, anus, and genitals? a.gonorrhea b.bacterial vaginosis c.trichomoniasis d.pubic lice

A

Which of the following is TRUE regarding oral herpes? a.Oral herpes may spread to the genitals through oral sex. b.Oral herpes is caused by HSV-2. c.Oral herpes is caused by HSV-8. d.Unlike genital herpes, recurrence of oral herpes is not likely.

A

Which of the following statements concerning trichomoniasis is TRUE? a.Both men and women may carry this infection, but men often have no symptoms. b.The most common symptom in women is a watery gray discharge that smells like burning rubber. c.Treatment consists of vaginal suppositories such as clotrimazole. d.The male partner does not need to be treated.

A

Which of the following statements regarding genital warts is FALSE? a.In women, they most commonly appear on the labia majora. b.The average incubation period is three months. c.Genital warts can occur in the anus of either sex. d.Cryotherapy and topical applications of podofilox are commonly used to treat them.

A

____ usually manifests as cold sores on the mouth or lips, and ____, generally as lesions on and around the genital areas. a.HSV-1; HSV-2 b.HSV-2; HSV-1 c.HPV-1; HPV-2 d.HPV-2; HPV-1

A

All of the following are cited as factors contributing to the high incidence of STIs EXCEPT for: a.lack of adequate public health measures. b.unreliability of latex condoms. c.having multiple sexual partners and unprotected (condomless) sex. d.increased use of oral contraceptives.

B

All of the following are phases of syphilitic development EXCEPT the: a.tertiary phase. b.prodromal phase. c.latent phase. d.primary phase.

B

All of the following are symptoms of initial HIV infection EXCEPT: a.night sweats. b.high blood pressure. c.skin rash. d.severe headaches.

B

At present, the best hope for curtailing the spread of HIV/AIDS is through: a.drug-based cures. b.education and behavioral changes. c.effective vaccines. d.microbicide products.

B

By January 2011, how many cases of AIDS have been reported in the United States? a.100,000 b.>1,000,000 c.<1,000,000 d.40,000,000

B

HIV is a: a.recumbent virus. b.retrovirus. c.bacteria. d.parasite.

B

If left untreated, ____ can result in death. a.gonorrhea b.syphilis c.chlamydia d.herpes

B

Immunosenescence is attributed to: a.combination therapy with the antiviral drugs peglated interferon and ribavirin. b.highly active antiretroviral therapy. c.cryotherapy. d.suppressive therapy.

B

In women, papules due to genital herpes most commonly appear in the: a.clitoris. b.labia. c.inner vaginal walls. d.cervix.

B

It appears that teenage girls and young women in their early 20s are especially susceptible to chlamydia infection, largely because their ____ have not fully matured. a.vaginas b.cervixes c.fallopian tubes d.ovaries

B

Recent evidence suggests a link between ____ and premature rupture of the amniotic sac and preterm labor during pregnancy. a.candidiasis b.bacterial vaginosis c.scabies d.chlamydia

B

Seroconversion refers to: a.the production of antigens to the HIV virus. b.the production of antibodies to the HIV virus. c.the length of time between HIV infection and the development of AIDS. d.viral load.

B

Small, pimple-like bumps, a rash surrounding the primary lesion, and intense itching are all symptoms of: a.pubic lice. b.scabies. c.chlamydia. d.trichomoniasis.

B

The average person with scabies is infested with ____ live adult female mites. a.20 to 30 b.5 to 15 c.1 to 10 d.15 to 25

B

The rate of oral cancer has risen steadily since 1973, and many health experts believe that this increase is related to the transmission of: a.HIV. b.HPV. c.HSV-2. d.HSV-1.

B

The second stage of syphilis is characterized by: a.painful, blister-like lesions on the genitals. b.a skin rash with flu-like symptoms. c.high fever, genital inflammation, and night sweats. d.no observable symptoms.

B

The symptoms of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in males are similar to those of: a.syphilis. b.gonorrhea. c.AIDS. d.viral hepatitis.

B

The use of a combination of ____ or more drugs to combat HIV has come to be known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). a.four b.three c.two d.five

B

What is TRUE regarding the treatment of hepatitis? a.Treatments are available for hepatitis A and B but not for C. b.Hepatitis C can sometimes be controlled with a combination therapy of antiviral drugs. c.All forms of hepatitis in the U.S. are treatable with medications. d.Vaccines are available for hepatitis C, but not for A or B.

B

Which of the following is the BEST description of a "short-arm inspection?" a.Discreetly examining your partner's genitals prior to genital sexual contact b."Milking" the penis for a suspicious discharge c.Examining the vulva for the presence of an unusual discharge, unpleasant odor, sores, blisters, etc. d.Performing a genital self-exam

B

Which of the following statements concerning bacterial vaginosis is FALSE? a.There is little or no proven benefit in treating male sex partners of women diagnosed with BV. b.BV is always sexually transmitted. c.For many years, metronidazole (Flagyl) was typically the prescribed medication. d.The discharge usually smells musty or fishy.

B

Which of the following statements concerning chlamydia infection is FALSE? a.The majority of women with lower reproductive tract chlamydia infection have few or no symptoms. b.Chlamydia is associated with penile cancer in men if left untreated. c.The infection is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. d.Chlamydia is usually treated with doxycycline or azithromycin.

B

Which of the following statements concerning common vaginal infections is FALSE? a.Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type. b.The vaginal environment is typically alkaline in nature. c.Lactobacilli usually help maintain a healthy vaginal environment. d.Antibiotic therapy may increase the likelihood of vaginal infection.

B

Which one is NOT true concerning pregnant women with genital herpes and their children? a.A newborn may be infected with genital herpes while passing through the birth canal. b.Perinatal transmission of herpes to a newborn can be debilitating but does not cause severe damage or death. c.The risk of a pregnant mother transmitting genital herpes to her newborn is highest for women who are first infected during late pregnancy. d.It is believed that viral shedding from the cervix, vagina, or vulva plays the primary role in transmitting the infection perinatally from mother to infant.

B

____ causes ____, the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. a.Viral hepatitis; conjunctivitis b.Chlamydia; trachoma c.Syphilis; conjunctivitis d.Trichomoniasis; trachoma

B

A "yeast infection" is caused by: a.a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. b.a bacterium known as Gardnerella vaginalis. c.a fungus called Candida albicans. d.a bacterial microorganism called Chlamydia trachomatis.

C

A topical gel or cream product that women can use vaginally to prevent or minimize the risk of being infected with HIV or other STIs is known as a: a.protease. b.spermicide. c.microbicide. d.scabicide.

C

Application of recently developed technology has led to the identification of more than ____ types of HPV, about half of which cause genital infections. a.20 b.50 c.100 d.200

C

Bacterial vaginosis is more common among: a.women who have sex with men. b.men who have sex with men. c.women who have sex with women. d.celibate women.

C

Condoms help reduce the transmission of all EXCEPT which one of the following? a.gonorrhea b.chlamydia c.scabies d.NGU

C

Currently, HIV infection is diagnosed as AIDS when a person has a CD4 count of: a.a person tests positive for HIV antibodies. b.400 cells per microliter of blood or less. c.200 cells per microliter of blood or less. d.800 cells per microliter of blood or less.

C

Griselda has intense itching and soreness in her vulva, and a white, clumpy discharge on her underwear. Griselda's symptoms are consistent with: a.gardnerella vaginalis infection. b.genital herpes. c.a yeast infection. d.cystitis.

C

Hepatitis C is transmitted most commonly through: a.penile-vaginal, oral-genital, genital-anal, or oral-anal contact. b.casual contact, such as hugging and shaking hands. c.blood-contaminated needles shared by injection drug users. d.blood donations.

C

If left untreated, genital warts may: a.increase in size and number. b.remain unchanged. c.disappear. d.All of the above.

C

Janet experiences recurrent genital herpes outbreaks fairly frequently. Which of the following suggestions would be LEAST helpful to her in minimizing the discomfort associated with these outbreaks? a.Avoid drinking liquids that would make her urine more acidic. b.Use a local topical anesthetic. c.Wear nylon underwear. d.Learn relaxation techniques.

C

Most HIV infections in America occur among young people under the age of: a.18 b.24 c.30 d.35

C

Most people who are exposed to the virus develop antibodies to HIV ____ after the initial infection. a.within ten months b.within eight months c.within six months d.one year

C

Mother to child transmission of HIV can be reduced ____ by the administration of zidovudine to the infected mother and newborn child. a.about 1/4 b.by half c.by 2/3 d.by 90%

C

Suggestions for avoiding HIV infection include all EXCEPT which of the following? a.Avoid anal intercourse. b.Avoid sexual intercourse during menstruation. c.Engage in anal intercourse instead of penile-vaginal intercourse. d.Avoid sexual contact with either male or female prostitutes.

C

The amount of HIV present in an infected person-s blood is known as: a.viral treatment. b.viral agent. c.viral load. d.viral dose.

C

The primary symptom of pubic lice is: a.tiny red spots on the genitals. b.smooth, rounded, waxy-looking bumps on the genitals that are painless. c.itching in the pubic area. d.painful genital chancres.

C

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the incidence of new HIV cases in the United States? a.Many people with AIDS were infected during their adolescent years. b.Although the overall incidence of new HIV infections in the U.S. population has been stable for several years, the number of new cases among teenagers, women, and racial and ethnic minorities continues to rise. c.Over the last few years, the number of women infected with HIV has steadily decreased. d.The prevalence of HIV infection in the United States remains highest among MSM.

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines outlined in your text for telling your partner you have an STI? a.Be honest. b.Be sure your partner understands the importance of obtaining a medical evaluation. c.Make it clear to your partner that you feel extremely remorseful. d.Even if you suspect that your partner infected you, don't blame them.

C

Which of the following is TRUE of gonorrhea symptoms in females? a.The symptoms are the same as those found in men. b.Early symptoms include heavy vaginal discharge and pain during urination. c.Most women will be unaware of infection at the primary site. d.Most women are aware of early symptoms.

C

Which of the following is a prodromal symptom of herpes? a.The appearance of a papule b.The rupture of the blisters c.An itching or burning sensation d.A feeling of depression

C

Which of the following is a symptom of candidiasis? a.a thin, gray discharge with a flour paste consistency b.a frothy, yellow or white discharge with a bad odor c.a white, clumpy discharge that resembles cottage cheese d.painful, blister-like bumps on the labia

C

Which of the following is characteristic of the initial phase of syphilis? a.penile discharge in men; no symptoms in women b.a skin rash all over the body c.a chancre at the site where the organism entered the body d.painful blister-like lesions on the genitals

C

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the treatment of herpes? a.Adequate rest, relaxation, and fluid intake can eliminate the virus over time. b.AZT is effective in the treatment of herpes. c.Currently, no medical treatment has been proven effective in curing either oral or genital herpes. d.There is no cure for herpes at this time, although research with alpha interferon looks promising.

C

Which of the following statements concerning genital warts is TRUE? a.The incubation period is seven to ten days. b.Genital warts are unattractive and a nuisance, but there are few serious complications associated with having them. c.The incidence of HPV infections that cause genital warts has reached epidemic proportions. d.In women, genital warts appear on the external, but not the internal genitals.

C

Which of the following statements concerning syphilis is TRUE? a.Syphilis can be effectively treated with metronidazole at any stage. b.Syphilis is a viral infection that is asymptomatic in the primary phase. c.People who have had oral sex with an infected individual might develop a sore on the lips or tongue. d.Syphilis is asymptomatic in women.

C

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is FALSE? a.HIV has been found in the vaginal secretions, blood, semen, saliva, urine and breast milk of infected individuals. b.The number of people in the United States living with HIV continues to increase. c.There is mounting evidence that the HIV/AIDS pandemic is gaining more global momentum. d.Symptoms of HIV infection are commonly associated with other types of illnesses.

C

Which of the following would MOST likely be found among nursing home residents and the indigent, in addition to people who are sexually active? a.syphilis b.chancres c.scabies d.chlamydia

C

Which one is NOT true with respect to HIV transmission? a.HIV can be transmitted during oral sex when the virus present in semen or vaginal secretions comes into contact with mucous membrane tissues in the mouth. b.The likelihood of infection during sexual activity is greater when HIV is transmitted directly into the blood. c.Circumcision provides complete protection against HIV. d.The likelihood of transmitting HIV during sexual contact depends on both the viral dose and the route of HIV exposure.

C

Within a few months of being infected with HIV, most people develop antibodies to the virus, in a process called: a.transfusion. b.transmission. c.seroconversion. d.immunosenescence.

C

____ and ____ in men are commonly caused by chlamydia infections. a.Nongonococcal urethritis; herpes keratitis b.Viral hepatitis; epididymitis c.Nongonococcal urethritis; epididymitis d.Trichomoniasis; epididymitis

C

____ is the MOST frequently reported infectious disease in the United States. a.Trichomoniasis b.Candidiasis c.Chlamydia d.Gonorrhea

C

A notable sign of viral hepatitis is: a.swelling of the testicles. b.vulva irritation. c.intense itching of the lower abdomen. d.yellowing of the whites of the eyes.

D

All of the following are symptoms of viral hepatitis EXCEPT: a.high fever. b.yellowing of the whites of the eyes. c.fatigue. d.burning with urination.

D

All of the following changes would MOST likely increase Lucy's susceptibility to chronic vaginal infections EXCEPT: a.douching more frequently to keep her body free of harmful lactobacilli. b.taking antibiotics. c.wearing pantyhose more often. d.changing her method of contraception from birth control pills to condoms

D

Complications of untreated gonorrhea in women include: a.vulvar vestibulitis. b.adenocarcinoma of the cervix. c.inflamed Skene's glands. d.infertility.

D

Five days after sexual contact with a new partner, Gary experiences burning during urination and a bad-smelling, cloudy discharge from his penis. Assuming he does not have NGU, the suspected infection would most likely be: a.candidiasis. b.syphilis. c.trichomoniasis. d.gonorrhea.

D

Most infected people with an effective immune response will become HPV-negative in ____ months after the initial positive test for the virus. a.3-12 b.2-16 c.4-24 d.6-24

D

Possible complications of a herpes infection in women include all of the following EXCEPT: a.cervical cancer. b.infection of the newborn. c.severe eye infection. d.ectopic pregnancy.

D

Salpingitis caused by chlamydia infection is the primary preventable cause of female infertility and: a.urinary obstruction and bleeding. b.immunosenescence. c.trachoma. d.ectopic pregnancy.

D

The BEST strategy to avoid contracting HSV is to wear a condom: a.when the blister begins to form a crust. b.when the sores on the labia have completely healed. c.up to five days after the sores on the labia have completely healed. d.every time you engage in sexual activity whether there is an outbreak or not.

D

Treatment(s) for chlamydia include(s): a.metronidazole (flagyl) by mouth. b.benzathine penicillin G, doxycycline, tetracycline, or ceftriaxone. c.dual therapy of one dose of a cephalosporin medication (e.g., ceftriaxone), plus one dose of azithromycin (or doxycycline for seven days). d.doxycycline by mouth for several days, or one dose of azithromycin.

D

Vaccines are available for: a.Hepatitis A, B, and C b.Hepatitis A and C c.Hepatitis B and C d.Hepatitis A and B

D

What is NOT a suggested guideline of the authors for preventing sexually transmitted infections? a.Obtain a medical examination prior to engaging in genital sexual activity. b.Inspect your partner's genitals. c.Use condoms d.Engage in "outercourse only" for the first six months before proceeding to have intercourse.

D

Which of the following statements concerning herpes is FALSE? a.Oral herpes may be transmitted by kissing. b.Herpes may be transmitted during asymptomatic periods. c.Herpes will not pass through latex condoms. d.Genital herpes infections in the United States are more common in men than in women.

D

Which of the following statements concerning pubic lice is FALSE? a.Self-diagnosis is possible simply by locating a louse on a pubic hair. b.They may be found in the pubic hair. c.They may be transmitted nonsexually. d.They are treated with tetracycline.

D

Which of the following statements concerning syphilis is FALSE? a.A latent stage can last for several years. b.If syphilis is successfully treated before the fourth month of pregnancy, the fetus will not be affected. c.Syphilis can result in death. d.The incidence of syphilis has continued to decrease into the 21st century.

D

Which of the following statements concerning the recurrence of genital herpes is TRUE? a.Lesions do not recur after complete healing. b.Research suggests that most people who have undergone a primary episode of genital herpes infection experience at least two recurrences. c.Symptoms associated with recurrent attacks tend to become more severe over time. d.The majority of people prone to recurrent outbreaks experience prodromal symptoms.

D

Which of the following statements regarding NGU is FALSE? a.In women, there are usually no symptoms. b.In rare cases, NGU can produce a form of arthritis. c.NGU may result in PID if left untreated in women. d.There are no known consequences of NGU if left untreated in men.

D

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is TRUE? a.Gonorrhea is a viral infection. b.Gonorrhea is usually treated with penicillin. c.If left untreated, complications include cervical and penile cancer. d.Because coexisting chlamydia infections often accompany gonorrhea, health practitioners often use a treatment strategy that is effective against both.

D

Which of the following would NOT be a benefit of a vaccination against HIV? a. It would allow women to have sex without a condom. b. It would provide vaginal lubrication if needed. c. It would provide additional protection against STIs by killing bacteria and other organisms within the vagina that cause STIs. d. None of the above would be benefits of an HIV vaccination.

D

Which one of the following is NOT true concerning HIV infection rates in Africa? a.The hardest hit nation, South Africa, is home to about one sixth of the world-s HIV-infected people. b.Sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to be home to roughly two thirds of all people living with AIDS. c.In sub-Saharan Africa, women ages 15 to 24 are three to four times more likely to be infected with HIV than are young men their age. d.About 75-80% of HIV infections among African youth are of males.

D

____ is caused by a thin, corkscrew-like bacterium commonly called a spirochete. a.Chlamydia b.Candidiasis c.Gonorrhea d.Syphilis

D