Chapter 16

Broca's area MOST closely corresponds to Brodmann area: A) 47. B) 44. C) 16. D) 9.

44.

59. Abnormalities in the dopaminergic projection from the tegmentum to the prefrontal regions occur in _____. A) schizophrenia B) Parkinson's disease C) Alzheimer's disease D) Huntington's disease

A

64. Defective performance in _____ is more likely following left, rather than right, frontal-lobe damage. A) verbal fluency B) block construction C) time orientation D) design copying

A

69. The term "corollary discharge" explains which frontal lobe phenomenon? A) that we do not perceive movement in the environment when we move our eyes B) that the right and left supplementary motor areas work antagonistically C) the increased activity in the right prefrontal area in response to speech generation D) the decrease in activation of the visual frontal cortex when auditory stimuli are received

A

71. Risk-taking behavior, particularly on tasks that involve gambling, has been shown to be influenced by which portion of the prefrontal cortex? A) the orbitofrontal cortex B) the cingulate cortex C) area 44 D) Broca's area

A

Use the following to answer questions 34-37: For each symptom, match the behavioral deficit. a. Broca's area b. the orbital cortex c. the primary motor cortex d. frontal eye fields 34. loss of fluent speech ___ 35. altered sexual behavior ___ 36. poor voluntary control of gaze ___ 37. loss of fine movements ___

A B D C

Regions of the orbitofrontal cortex that are active in response to unpleasant environmental stimuli are MOST strongly connected to the: A) amygdala and thalamus. B) amygdala and hypothalamus. C) hippocampus and thalamus. D) hippocampus and insula.

Amygdala and hypothalamus

Which of the following regions of the frontal cortex is characterized by the presence of multimodal neurons? A) area 46 B) area 4 C) area 11 D) area 10

Area 46

The principal location of frontal-lobe damage that results in perseveration on the Wisconsin card-sorting test appears to be: A) area 11. B) area 9. C) area 47. D) the frontal eye fields.

Area 9

A subject who, after sustaining a closed-head injury, has difficulty remembering significant personal details and feeling emotional connections to formerly close friends is suffering from a problem with: A) subjective awareness. B) implicit memory. C) impulse control. D) autonoetic awareness.

Autonoetic awareness

60. The orbitofrontal cortex is another name for the _____. A) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex B) inferior prefrontal cortex C) medial frontal cortex D) frontal eye field

B

62. _____ memory is mediated by the prefrontal cortex and involves the recollection of recent events and their order. A) Working B) Temporal C) Recency D) Short-term

B

63. Disturbances in _____ typically occur only after bilateral frontal-lobe damage. A) verbal fluency B) time orientation C) understanding proverbs D) verbal learning

B

66. Impaired _____ discrimination is found with damage to the orbital area of the frontal lobe. A) visual B) olfactory C) auditory D) taste

B

Use the following to answer questions 38-41: For each question, select the most appropriate test from the alternatives listed. a. Wisconsin Card-Sorting test b. standard IQ test c. Word-Fluency test d. delayed nonmatching to sample 38. convergent thinking ___ 39. behavioral spontaneity ___ 40. response inhibition ___ 41. temporal memory ___

B C A D

Patients with damage to the prefrontal cortex are likely to: A) be distracted by external cues. B) have impaired declarative memory. C) have difficulty sequencing finger movements. D) depend on internal cues to guide behavior.

Be distracted by external cues

Impairments in the ability to understand proverbs are MOST pronounced in subjects with: A) right unilateral prefrontal cortex lesions. B) bilateral lesions of the medial temporal cortex. C) bilateral lesions of the prefrontal cortex. D) left unilateral prefrontal cortex lesions.

Bilateral lesions of the prefrontal cortex

58. The dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus projects to the region of the frontal lobe called the _____. A) Broca's area B) frontal eye field C) prefrontal cortex D) premotor cortex

C

61. Which brain region is NOT a site from which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex receives inputs? A) the posterior parietal lobe B) the cingulate cortex C) the cerebellum D) the basal ganglia

C

68. Damage to _____ is associated with altered sexual behavior. A) areas 8 and 9 B) the dorsolateral prefrontal area C) the orbital prefrontal area D) area 44

C

70. The Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test is MOST appropriate to evaluate _____. A) behavioral spontaneity B) convergent thinking C) response inhibition D) memory

C

72. Which disorder is NOT characteristic of damage to the frontal lobe? A) pseudopsychopathy B) pseudodepression C) sensory deficits D) sexual behavioral deficits

C

There are significant differences in the nature of cognitive deficits exhibited between patients with frontal lesions versus those with posterior damage, such that those with frontal damage have difficulty with all of the following EXCEPT: A) divergent thinking. B) verbal output. C) rule following. D) convergent thinking.

Convergent thinking

Frontal injury severely disrupts: A) involuntary movement. B) learning new information. C) copying facial movements. D) involuntary eye gaze.

Copying facial movements

Teuber has proposed that the reason the world does not appear to move when we voluntarily move our eyes is because of a(n) _____ that is produced along with the signal that actually produces the eye movement. A) intentional saccade B) inhibitory impulse C) involuntary nystagmus D) corollary discharge

Corollary discharge

65. Poor working memory as a result of frontal-lobe damage is usually because of damage in _____. A) the orbital cortex B) the frontal eye fields C) left area 44 D) the dorsolateral cortex

D

67. Which frontal region is MOST closely associated with Broca's aphasia? A) the orbital prefrontal B) area 4 C) area 11 D) area 44

D

Poor temporal memory is a common symptom of damage to the: A) supplementary motor cortex. B) ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. C) orbitofrontal cortex. D) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

The prefrontal cortex is defined as that region which receives projections from the: A) ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. B) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. C) dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. D) occipitoparietal association cortex.

Dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

The broad ability to implement appropriate behavioral strategies in response to internal and external cues is known as: A) supervisory function. B) working memory. C) executive function. D) reasoning ability.

Executive function

The sensory system MOST affected by an orbital lesion appears to be that of: A) vision. B) touch. C) olfaction. D) hearing

Olfaction

Impaired olfactory discrimination is typically found with damage to the _____ area of the frontal lobes. A) dorsolateral B) prefrontal C) premotor D) orbital

Orbital

According to a study by Hsu and colleagues, decision-making tasks that are high in ambiguity activate the: A) orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala. C) superior temporal sulcus and hypothalamus. D) orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala

Which of the following activities BEST exemplifies temporal memory? A) recognizing your best friend from high school after having been away at college for a year B) recalling which of your assignments you most recently worked on C) riding a bicycle for the first time since last summer D) All of these activities best exemplify temporal memory.

Recalling which of your assignemtns you most recently worked on

Difficulty in solving the "tower of London" task after frontal-lobe damage suggests impairment in: A) fine motor movements. B) response inhibition. C) planning. D) peripheral vision.

Planning

For which of the following are you MOST likely to engage your prefrontal cortex? A) auditory processing of words B) successfully hitting a pitched fastball C) plotting a chess move D) moving a chess pawn forward

Plotting a chess move

Tests measuring finger-tapping speed and grip strength BEST measure the function of the: A) superior frontal gyrus. B) premotor gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) precentral gyrus.

Precentral gyrus

The area that has been proposed as crucial for the programming of movement sequences is the: A) premotor cortex. B) orbital cortex. C) primary motor cortex. D) red nucleus.

Premotor cortex

A subject who is asked to learn an arbitrary stimulus-response association would exhibit relatively more activity in the _____ than in the _____. A) premotor cortex; supplementary motor cortex B) supplementary motor cortex; premotor cortex C) prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex D) frontal eye fields; premotor cortex

Premotor cortex: supplementary motor cortex

In experiments with nonhuman primates, damage to the _____ has been found to produce a deficit in spatial working memory. A) principal sulcus B) orbital cortex C) primary motor cortex D) superior temporal sulcus

Principal sulcus

A subject's inability to produce more than a few minor variations on an initial design, after being asked to make as many novel designs as possible, would lead you to suspect: A) left frontal-lobe damage. B) right frontal-lobe damage. C) left parietal-lobe damage. D) right parietal-lobe damage.

Right frontal-lobe damage

Abnormalities in the dopamine-containing projection from the brain stem to the frontal cortex are believed by many scientists to be involved in: A) epilepsy. B) major depressive disorder. C) anterograde amnesia. D) schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia

The tendency of patients with frontal lesions to engage in inappropriate behaviors may be attributed to difficulties in guiding behavior using: A) working memory. B) social context. C) visual perception. D) somatosensory maps.

Social context

Following damage to the left supplementary speech area and medial frontal cortex, subjects would have great problems: A) producing grammatically correct speech. B) speaking with normal prosody. C) speaking spontaneously. D) speaking when prompted.

Speaking spontaneously

On the basis of electrophysiological studies of monkeys, the ability of humans to judge which of two objects was seen most recently would be expected to be associated with selective activation of: A) frontal eye fields. B) the orbitofrontal cortex. C) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. D) No such conclusions can be drawn from these monkey studies.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

With which region of the frontal cortex are the anterior temporal lobes MOST closely connected? A) the orbitofrontal B) frontal eye fields C) the primary motor cortex D) the supplementary motor area

The orbitofrontal

Which of the following is a subdivision of the prefrontal cortex? A) frontal eye fields B) the supplementary motor cortex C) Broca's area D) the orbitofrontal cortex

The orbitofrontal cortex

The percentage of subjects showing defective performance is higher for subjects with right frontal damage than for subjects with left frontal damage, for all but one of the following tests. Which is the test that does NOT belong? A) block construction B) verbal fluency C) design copying D) proverbs

Verbal fluency

Dominant (alpha) male monkeys subjected to prefrontal cortical damage _____ when returned to their social group. A) maintained their previously dominant role B) were unable to maintain their previously dominant role C) engaged in more coalition-building behavior than usual D) engaged in more frequent sexual behavior than usual

Were unable to maintain their previously dominant role

If you wished to evaluate your patient for response inhibition, which of the following tests would be MOST useful? A) the Token test B) the Thurstone Word-Fluency Test C) the standard IQ test D) the Stroop test

the Stroop test