Chapter 16

synesthia

All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT a) Huntington's disease. b) Parkinson's disease. c) Tourette's syndrome. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder. e) synesthesia.

pressure

All of the following types of stimuli are sensed by free nerve endings EXCEPT a) pain. b) tickle. c) temperature. d) pressure. e) itch.

Plasticity

During the process of learning, the brain shows a characteristic called ______, which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes. a) bradykinesia b) hypokinesia c) plasticity d) amnesia e) palsy

One

How many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have? a) One b) Dozens c) Hundreds d) Thousands e) None

REM sleep

Infants spend approximately 50% of their sleeping time in a) stage one NREM sleep. b) stage two NREM sleep. c) stage three NREM sleep. d) stage four NREM sleep. e) REM sleep.

Body position

Proprioception means awareness of a) visual acuity. b) body temperature. c) color vision. d) body position. e) pain.

all of these choices

The basal nuclei regulate skeletal muscle movements by a) suppressing unwanted movements. b) influencing muscle tone. c) initiating and terminating movements. d) both suppressing unwanted movements and influencing muscle tone. e) All of these choices

cerebral cortex

The integration centers for sensations that are consciously perceived (like vision, smell, taste, and pain) are found in the a) cerebellum. b) basal nuclei. c) pontine nuclei. d) cerebral cortex. e) thalamus.

To sense changes in muscle length

The main function of muscle spindles is a) to sense tension applied to a tendon. b) to sense referred pain. c) to perceive cutaneous sensations. d) to sense changes in muscle length. e) to sense muscle fatigue.

Adaptation

The process in which the frequency of nerve impulses in the first-order neuron decreases during prolonged stimulus is called a) selectivity. b) adaptation. c) perception. d) modality. e) transduction.

sensory receptor cells

The process of sensation begins in a __________ , which can be either a primary sensory neuron or a separate cell. a) sensory receptor cell. b) signal transducer cell. c) secondary sensory neuron. d) effector cell. e) association neuron.

Interoceptors

These are sensory receptors that are located in blood vessels and visceral organs and their signals are not usually consciously perceived. a) Exteroreceptors b) Interoceptors c) Proprioceptors d) Nociceptors e) None of the answers selections are correct

A

Which labeled neuron conducts impulses from the peripheral somatic receptors into the brain or spinal cord? a) A b) B c) C d) More than one answer selection is correct. e) None of the answer selections are correct.

All of these choices

Which of the following is a direct motor pathway? a) Anterior corticospinal tract b) Corticobulbar tract c) Lateral corticospinal tract d) Both Anterior corticospinal and Corticobulbar tract. e) All of these choices

vibration

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using encapsulated nerve endings? a) pain b) tickle c) temperature d) itch e) vibration

Nociceptors

This type of sensory receptor responds to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue. a) Photoreceptors b) Mechanoreceptors c) Proprioceptor d) Nociceptors e) Thermoreceptors

C

Visceral pain coming from the heart is referred to which location(s) in the diagram? a) C b) G c) B d) H e) A

D

Visceral pain coming from the kidney is referred to which location(s) in the diagram? a) D b) B c) G d) H e) F

F

Visceral pain coming from the ovaries is referred to which location(s) in the diagram? a) D b) E c) B d) F e) A

H

Visceral pain coming from the pancreas is referred to which location(s) in the diagram? a) B b) D c) H d) F e) E

E

Visceral pain coming from the urinary bladder is referred to which location(s) in the diagram? a) D b) F c) E d) H e) G

Nociceptors

Visceral pain results from stimulating a) nociceptors. b) Pacinian corpuscles. c) exteroreceptors. d) proprioceptors. e) thermoreceptors.

Thermoceptors

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in temperature? a) photoreceptor b) mechanoreceptor c) thermoreceptor d) chemoreceptor e) osmoreceptor

Chemoreceptors

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in body fluids? a) photoreceptor b) mechanoreceptor c) thermoreceptor d) chemoreceptor e) proprioceptor

Osmoreceptors

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the osmotic pressure of body fluids? a) photoreceptor b) mechanoreceptor c) thermoreceptor d) chemoreceptor e) osmoreceptor

Photoreceptors

What category of receptor cell is used to sense light? a) photoreceptor b) mechanoreceptor c) thermoreceptor d) chemoreceptor e) osmoreceptor

Mechanoreceptors

What category of receptor cell is used to sense touch, vibration and pressure? a) photoreceptor b) mechanoreceptor c) thermoreceptor d) chemoreceptor e) osmoreceptor

B

What do colored regions on body's surface in the diagram represent? a) Dermatomes b) Areas of referred pain c) Regions of nociceptors d) Areas supplied by the primary somatosensory area e) Motor nuclei

stratum basale

What layer of the skin contains the cold thermoreceptors? a) Stratum lucidum b) Dermis c) Stratum basale d) Stratum corneum e) Hypodermis

Coma

Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent? a) narcolepsy b) insomnia c) sleep apnea d) coma e) amnesia

insomnia

Which disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep? a) narcolepsy b) insomnia c) sleep apnea d) coma e) amnesia

C

Which labeled neuron conducts impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex? a) A b) B c) C d) More than one answer selection is correct. e) None of the answer selections are correct.

B

Which labeled neuron is considered to be a second-order neuron? a) A b) B c) C d) More than one answer selection is correct. e) None of the answer selections are correct.

kinesthetic receptors

Which of the following are proprioceptors found in the articular capsules of synovial joints? a) Tendon organs b) Gamma motor neurons c) Muscle spindles d) Kinesthetic receptors e) Tactile receptors

Sympathetic division of ans is stimulated

Which of the following does NOT occur during sleep? a) Sympathetic division of ANS is stimulated. b) Decreased heart rate. c) Decreased blood pressure. d) Skeletal muscle tone decreases. e) Dream during REM sleep.

Activation effector

Which of the following is NOT an event in the process of sensation? a) Stimulation of sensory receptors b) Transduction of the stimulus c) Activation of effector d) Generation of impulses e) Integration of sensory input.

Meissner corpuscle

Which of the following is a type of a rapidly adapting touch receptor? a) Meissner corpuscle b) Merkel disc c) Pacinian corpuscle d) Both Meissner corpuscle and Merkel disc e) All of these choices

Merkel disks

Which of the following is a type of slowly adapting touch receptor? a) Meissner corpuscle b) Merkel disc c) Pacinian corpuscle d) Hair root receptor e) Photoreceptor

Photoreceptors cell in retina

Which of the following is an example of a specialized sensory receptor cell that is known as a "separate cell"? a) Meissner corpuscle b) photoreceptor cell in retina c) Pacinian corpuscle d) hair root plexus e) astrocyte

Cerebellum

Which of the following regions of the brain compares the intentions of skeletal muscle movements with the actual movement performed and then sends out corrective feedback to upper motor neurons? a) hypothalamus b) thalamus c) basal nuclei d) cerebellum e) cerebrum

Stage 4

Which of the following stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is considered the deepest level of sleep? a) Stage one b) Stage two c) Stage three d) Stage four e) None of the selections are correct.

Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations.

Which of the following statements about proprioception is INCORRECT? a) Proprioceptive sensations allow us to estimate the weight of certain objects. b) Proprioceptors are slowly adapting receptors. c) Proprioceptors are embedded in muscles and tendons d) Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other. e) Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations.

Somatic sensory neurons

Which of the following type of neurons have their cell bodies in the spinal cord or brain stem and their axons terminating in neuromuscular junctions? a) upper motor neurons b) lower motor neurons c) somatic sensory neurons d) preganglionic autonomic neurons e) postganglionic autonomic neurons

first order neuron

Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the peripheral somatic sensory receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord? a) First order neuron b) Second order neuron c) Third order neuron d) Fourth order neuron e) Higher order neuron

third order neurons

Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex? a) First order neuron b) Second order neuron c) Third order neuron d) Fourth order neuron e) Higher order neuron

second order neurons

Which of the following types of neurons conduct sensory impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus? a) First order neuron b) Second order neuron c) Third order neuron d) Fourth order neuron e) Higher order neuron

upper motor neurons

Which of the following types of neurons have axons that extend from the brain to the lower motor neurons? a) upper motor neurons b) primary neurons c) somatic sensory neurons d) preganglionic autonomic neurons e) postganglionic autonomic neurons

E

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a cutaneous mechanoreceptor that senses pressure and fast vibrations? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

E

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a lamellated corpuscle? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a pain receptor? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

E

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is a second- order neuron? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

D

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the first- order neuron? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

B

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminal ganglion? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

C

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminal nerve? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminothalamic tract? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

D

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram represents a type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor that monitors the stretching of skin? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

C

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram senses touch, pressure and slow vibrations? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

B

Which of the neurons in the diagram is modified in a manner that helps enhance the sensitivity of the receptor? a) A b) B c) C d) None of these choices e) All of these choices

A

Which of the neurons in the diagram would most likely pick up an itch sensation? a) A b) B c) C d) Both A and B e) All of these choices

referred pain

______________ is a term used to describe pain that is felt at a site remote from the place of origin. a) Referred pain b) Visceral pain c) Slow pain d) Fast pain e) Sympathetic pain