Chapter 16 Quiz Hist 1103

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is

"Cooperative Commonwealth"

Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?

1880

Between 1870 and 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?

25 million

Which of the following was NOT true of the second industrial revolution?

A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production.

The spirit of innovation made an important contribution to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was NOT an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?

Airplane.

According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.

False

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.

False

At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.

False

During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.

False

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement.

False

The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region--only in the twentieth century did it become ethically diverse.

False

The Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive taxation.

False

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

False

Which of the following was intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable and favoritism avoided?

Interstate Commerce Commision

Which of the following was intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable and favoritism avoided?

Interstate Commerce Commission

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following EXCEPT

Irish-Americans

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

Knights of Labor

The 1887 Dawes Act

Led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

Which was NOT a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?

Low Tariffs

What did one historian mean when calling a group of reformers during the Gilded Age in the United States the "Christian lobby?"

Powerful national organizations like the Women's Christian Temperance Union, National Reform Association, and Reform Bureau now campaigned for federal legislation that would "Christianize the government" by outlawing sinful behavior.

What was the title of the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes?

Progress and Poverty

Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company?

Standard Oil Company

In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?

Steel

Which of the following was NOT a theme of Social Darwinism?

The growing gulf between the haves an the have-nots poses a dire threat to American Freedom.

"Vertical Integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.

True

By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys went on strike for higher pay.

True

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.

True

During the second Industrial Revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.

True

Following the Civil War, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the American Indian economy.

True

In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.

True

In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the states agriculture.

True

Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.

True

Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.

True

On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.

True

The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines.

True

The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape.

True

The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.

True

The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.

True

The most famous American Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876, when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.

True

Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.

True

The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was

William M. Tweed

The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be

a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments.

According to the author, Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by

granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States

had the top 1 percent of Americans owning more property than the remaining 99 percent.

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third