CHAPTER 17-

In a nuclear equation: A) the daughter nuclide appears on the right-side of the arrow. B) the sum of the atomic numbers on both sides must be equal. C) the sum of the mass numbers on both sides must be equal. D) all of the above E) none of the above

d

A scintillation counter detects radioactivity by: A) developing film which is exposed by radioactive particles. B) emission of light from a NaI crystal when radioactivity passes through the crystal. C) ionization of argon gas in a chamber which produces an electrical signal. D) analyzing the mass and velocity of each particle. E) none of the above

B

Which of the following is NOT a unit used for expressing radioactivity: A) roentgen B) geiger C) rem D) curie E) All of the above are units used to express radioactivity.

B

Which of the following statements regarding radiation are FALSE? A) Radioactivity is a natural part of our environment. B) All elements heavier than bismuth are radioactive. C) All radioactive elements are spontaneously decaying towards formation of a stable element. D) The time for half of the original sample to spontaneously decay is called the half-life E) All of the above are true.

C

Nuclear power is criticized because: A) of long term storage issues of radioactive wastes. B) it is an expensive form of energy. C) it is not as efficient as burning fossil fuels. D) of the danger of detonation into a nuclear bomb. E) all of the above

A

Why can U-235 produce a chain reaction? A) Extremely high amounts of energy are released in the reaction. B) Neutrons produce the fission reaction and are also a product of the reaction. C) All elements above bismuth (#83) can undergo fission based chain reactions. D) Chain reactions merely need sufficient mass (critical mass) to start. E) All of the above are true.

B

A Geiger-Muller counter detects radioactivity by: A) developing film which is exposed by radioactive particles. B) emission of light from a NaI crystal when radioactivity passes through the crystal. C) ionization of argon gas in a chamber which produces an electrical signal. D) analyzing the mass and velocity of each particle. E) none of the above

C

Radiation therapy involves: A) radioactive isotopes that are used in place of x-rays. B) radioactive isotopes that are absorbed by specific organs. C) destroying cancerous cells by intense radiation levels. D) acute radiation exposure. E) none of the above.

C

The emitted particle with the mass of an electron but carrying a 1+ charge is named the: A) proton. B) proelectron. C) positron. D) plusion. E) none of the above

C

What happens to the mass number of a nucleus that emits an alpha particle? A) It remains the same. B) It decreases by two. C) It decreases by four. D) It increases by two. E) It increases by four.

C

Which of the following types of radiation has the highest penetrating power? A) alpha particles B) beta particles C) gamma rays D) positrons E) none of the above

C

Beyond which element in the periodic table (based on atomic number) are the successive elemental nuclei considered to be radioactive? A) Uranium B) Radium C) Barium D) Bismuth E) Lead

D

Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8 days. How much of a 1000 milligram sample of iodine-131 would be left after 32 days? A) 500 milligram B) 250 milligram C) 125 milligram D) 62.5 milligram E) 31.25 milligram

D

The first person to artificially cause a nucleus to undergo a fission reaction was: A) Otto Hahn. B) Lise Meitner. C) Fritz Strassman. D) Enrico Fermi. E) all of the above

D

The radioactive gas radon: A) is a product of the radioactive decay series of uranium. B) is the single greatest source of human radiation exposure. C) is more hazardous for smokers than nonsmokers. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Nuclear fusion: A) is the formation of heavier elements from lighter ones. B) releases a larger amount of heat than nuclear fission. C) is the energy source of the sun and stars. D) produces non-radioactive elements. E) all of the above

E

Which of the following is NOT a type of radioactive emission? A) alpha rays B) beta rays C) gamma rays D) positrons E) All of the above are types of radioactive emissions.

E

How does the emission of a gamma particle effect the radioactive atom? A) The atom has a lower amount of energy. B) The atomic number decreases. C) The atomic mass increases. D) The atom gains energy for further radioactive particle emission. E) All of the above are true.

_ A

What happens to the mass number of a nucleus that emits a positron? A) It remains the same. B) It increases by one. C) It decreases by one. D) It increases by two. E) It decreases by two.

_ A

Who discovered radioactivity? A) Antoine Becquerel B) Pierre Curie C) Marie Curie D) Ernest Rutherford E) Benjamin Franklin

_ A

) Which type of emission has a negative charge? A) alpha B) beta C) positron D) gamma E) none of the above

_ B

What happens to the atomic number of a nucleus that emits a beta particle? A) It remains the same. B) It increases by one. C) It decreases by one. D) It increases by two. E) It decreases by two.

_ B

What happens to the atomic number of a nucleus that emits a positron? A) It remains the same. B) It increases by one. C) It decreases by one. D) It increases by two. E) It decreases by two.

_ C

What type of radioactive decay produces a daughter nuclide that is the same element as the parent nuclide? A) alpha B) beta C) gamma D) positron E) none of the above

_ C

During the career of Marie Curie, she: A) won a Nobel prize in chemistry. B) won a Nobel prize in physics. C) discovered the element polonium. D) discovered the element radium. E) all of the above

_ E

Radioactive elements are used for: A) medical diagnosis. B) medical treatment. C) determining age of fossils and rocks. D) generating electricity. E) all of the above

_ E

How was radioactivity discovered? A) Rutherford was investigating the structure of Au atoms and discovered alpha particles. B) Marie Curie was investigating the existence of uranic rays that occurred in some minerals. C) Becquerel was studying X-rays and phosphorescence to see if they were related. D) Benjamin Franklin was studying the creation of electrical current from the ionization of gases due to radioactive particles. E) none of the above

c