Chapter 17
RNA is single stranded, can hydrogen-bond with other nucleic acids, and has functional groups that can function in catalysis. These characteristics support that RNA could have which of the following cellular roles?
forming peptide bonds
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is ________.
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is 5'-AAA-3'. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.
3′-AAA-5′
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5′-AGT-3′. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?
3′-UCA-5
Which of the following statements best supports the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis?
A mutation in a single gene can result in a defective protein.
What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?
It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.
Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?
It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
Which of the following is true of a codon?
It can be either in DNA or in RNA.
Which of the following statements describes the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene?
It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a ribozyme?
It is an RNA with catalytic activity
Which of the following processes occurs as part of transcription?
RNA is synthesized
Which of the following statements about RNA processing is correct?
Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing
Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?
a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional RNA or polypeptide product
A section of DNA has the base sequence shown in #1. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence shown in #2. What type of mutation does this change represent? #1 5' - AGCGTTACCGT-3' #2 5'-AGGCGTTACCGT-3'
a frameshift mutation
The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?
a polypeptide missing an amino acid
Translation termination occurs when a ribosome interacts with which of the following structures?
a stop codon
Accuracy in translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________
attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
Accuracy in translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.
attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
Which of the following statements describes the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene?
it introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?
simultaneous transcription and translation of the same mRNA
According to the central dogma, which of the following intermediate molecules correctly completes the flow chart describing the flow of information in a cell blank?DNA → ________ → Proteins
mRNA
Which of the following molecular structures contains codons?
mRNA
Which of the following molecules carries information from DNA and directs incorporation of amino acids at the ribosome?
mRNA
Which of the following molecules directly participates in the process of translation?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
Which of the following is true of RNA processing?
nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA
Which component is directly involved in translation?
ribosome
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until ________.
several transcription factors have bound to the promoter
In eukaryotes which of the following is the first step in translation?
the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5′ cap of mRNA
In the structure of many eukaryotic genes, individual exons parallel which of the following?
the various domains of the protein product
