chapter 17 connect (A&P)
in the digestive system, what tube extends from mouth to anus
alimentary canal
the pancreatic enzyme called pancreatic _____ digests starch
amylase
the distal end of the digestive tract that opens to the outside is called what
anus
the blind tube at the end of the cecum filled with lymphocytes and immune cells is what
appendix
the part of the colon that begins at the cecum and is found on the right side of the abdominal cavity is the ____ colon
ascending
what is the function of teeth
begin mechanical digestion
the liquid that is created and secreted by the liver to help with lipid digestion is what
bile
of these components of feces which is responsible for color
bile pigments
frenul
bridle, restraint
sight smell taste or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions is what phase
cephalic phase
the ______ forming the lateral walls of the mouth, consists of outer layers of skin, pads of subcutaneous fat, muscles associated with expression and chewing, and inner linings of moist, stratified squamous epithelium
cheeks
a series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary macromolecules into monomers is known as _____ digestion
chemical
the right and left hepatic ducts converge to form what
common hepatic duct
cari
decay
the process of breaking down foods, either mechanically or chemically, and then absorbing them is called what
digestion
chief cells secrete
digestive enzymes-pepsin
a process that breaks fat droplets down into smaller fat droplets
emulsification
sometimes bacterial secretions erode the hard, outer layer of a tooth called
enamel
what two structures carry food from the mouth to the stomach but do not digest food
esophagus and pharynx
decidu
falling off
what are gastric rugar
folds in the stomach lining
aliment-
food
cystic duct carries bile away from what
gallbladder
the storage and concentration of bile between meals is the function of what
gallbladder
root word for stomach
gastr-
distention of the stomach stimulates gastric secretions is what phase
gastric phase
peptide hormone
gastrin
Parietal cells secrete
hydrochloric acid
as food leaves the ______ it enters the large intestines
ileum
functions of oral cavity
ingestion, chemical digestion, and mastication
intestinal mucosal cells secrete what enzymes
intestinal lipase, peptidase, and sucrase
acidic chyme in the duodenum stimulates secretions of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions is what phase
intestinal phase
the second segment of the small intestines is what
jejunum
chym
juice
the primary function of the ___ intestine in to absorb water and electrolytes but not other nutrients
large
the portion of the pharynx that begins at the level of the hyoid bone and opens into the esophagus behind the larynx is what
laryngopharynx
what organ oxidizes fatty acids, synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol, and also converts portions of carbs and protein molecules to fats
liver
the opening in the digestive tract that food passes through
lumen
mechanically breaking food down into smaller pieces is called _____ also known as chewing
mastication
the breakdown of large food particles into smaller ones is what
mechanical digestion
the innermost layer called the _____ or mucus membrane, lines the digestive tract
mucosa
what part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration
oral cavity
the ____ is an organ that consists of a head located within the curvature of the duodenum and a tail that extends to the spleen
pancreas
the insulin-secreting accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland is what
pancreas
what is a spongy retroperitoneal organ posterior to the stomach and partially attached to the small intestines
pancreas
which enzymes breakdown fats
pancreatic lipase and intestinal lipase
pancreas secretes what enzymes
pancreatic lipase, trypsin, and nucleases
Increased peristaltic waves are due to what nervous stimulation
parasympathetic
which nervous system innervates the alimentary tract of the digestive system
parasympathetic
what are the three main salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
gastric chief cells secrete what enzyme
pepsin
the enzyme ____ begins digestion of protein in the stomach
pepsin
which enzymes breakdown proteins
pepsin, trypsin, and peptidase
the wavelike set of muscular contractions within the digestive tract helps to propel contents along is called
peristalsis
what is located posterior to the oral cavity
pharynx
gastric ____ are openings at the end of tubular gastric glands in the gastric mucosa
pits
feces passes from the sigmoid colon into what
rectum
what is the straight muscular tube that connects the sigmoid colon to the anal canal
rectum
the part of the tooth below the gumline is called what
root
the portion of the tooth within the alveolus is known as
root
where can blood vessels and nerves be found within a tooth
root canal
what enzymes breakdown carbohydrates
salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase
what is the tubular organ that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the beginning of the large intestines
small intestine
what organ absorbs the most nutrients
small intestine
Increased peristaltic waves are due to the distension of the wall of what organ
stomach
food passes from the _____ into the duodenum
stomach
mixes food with gastric juice, starts the digestion of protein, and absorbs small amounts of nutrients are functions of what organ
stomach
what is located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity
stomach
function of gallbladder
store and concentrate bile
where is the liver in the relationship to the ribs
the ribs partially surround the liver
the large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity proper is called what
tongue
what is a muscular structure responsible for mixing food with saliva and moving the food toward the pharynx for swallowing
tongue
the portion of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity is the ______ colon
transverse
the parasympathetic nervous system controls digestive functions and alters the activity of the digestive system via what nerve
vagus