Chapter 17: Endocrine System

Identify the letter that indicates a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? A) iodine B) calcium C) iron D) copper

A) iodine

The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that A) lowers blood sugar levels. B) raises blood sugar concentrations. C) targets liver cells. D) inhibits secretion by the exocrine pancreas.

A) lowers blood sugar levels.

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the A) posterior pituitary gland. B) pancreas. C) gonads. D) kidney.

A) posterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following is a major source of steroid hormones in the body? A) the gonads B) the adrenal medulla C) the thyroid D) the pituitary

A) the gonads

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is A) the gonads. B) the parathyroid. C) the thymus. D) the thyroid.

A) the gonads.

Which of the following endocrine glands is capable of storing its hormones extracellularly and then slowly releasing them? A) thyroid gland B) pituitary gland C) adrenal gland D) pancreas

A) thyroid gland

Which region of the adrenal cortex consists of cells arranged in parallel cords? A) zona fasciculata B) zona glomerulosa C) zona pellucia D) zona reticularis

A) zona fasciculata

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the A) zona glomerulosa. B) renal cortex. C) pars distalis. D) pars nervosa.

A) zona glomerulosa.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary? A) LH B) ADH C) glucagon D) adrenaline

B) ADH

Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes hormone that controls metabolic rate. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Identify the letter that indicates a myelinated axon tract representative of a commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis is a tropic hormone? A) MSH B) LH C) prolactin D) growth hormone

B) LH

Which cells produce the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin? A) parathyroid cells B) follicular cells C) oxyphil cells D) parafollicular cells

B) follicular cells

A cell type in the pars distalis that secretes two major kinds of hormones instead of one is the A) somatotropic cell. B) gonadotropic cell. C) thyrotropic cell. D) prolactin cell.

B) gonadotropic cell.

The thyroid gland is located A) anterior to the aortic arch. B) immediately inferior to the larynx. C) on the superior aspect of the kidneys. D) posterior to the sternum.

B) immediately inferior to the larynx.

Target organs for the hormone oxytocin include the uterus and the A) lungs. B) mammary glands. C) biceps brachii muscle. D) thyroid gland.

B) mammary glands.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland? A) melatonin B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone C) prolactin-inhibiting hormone D) oxytocin

B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Androgens are secreted and directly converted to estrogens and testosterone by the A) pituitary gland. B) peripheral reproductive cells. C) gonadotropic cells. D) interstitial cells.

B) peripheral reproductive cells.

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta? A) estrogens B) testosterone C) progesterone D) hCG

B) testosterone

Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Immune organ that also secretes endocrine hormones. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect? A) They are a group of ductless glands. B) They secrete messenger molecules called hormones. C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses. D) The hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.

C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.

The adrenal medulla secretes A) aldosterone. B) cortisol. C) epinephrine and norepinephrine. D) glucocorticoids.

C) epinephrine and norepinephrine.

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the A) pars distalis. B) pancreatic islets. C) hypothalamus. D) atria of the heart.

C) hypothalamus.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes A) have an absolute requirement for insulin injections. B) have normal concentrations of glucose in their blood. C) may often control their disease by diet and exercise. D) have pancreases that produce and secrete very little insulin.

C) may often control their disease by diet and exercise.

The cells that secrete parathyroid hormone are called A) parafollicular cells. B) oxyphil cells. C) parathyroid cells. D) follicular cells.

C) parathyroid cells

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the A) thyroid gland. B) hypothalamus. C) pars distalis. D) adrenal cortex.

C) pars distalis.

Pituitary disorders include all of the following except A) gigantism. B) acromegaly. C) pituitary dwarfism. D) Graves' disease.

C) pituitary dwarfism.

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the A) adrenal cortex. B) adrenal medulla. C) pituitary gland. D) heart.

C) pituitary gland.

The artery that supplies most of the pituitary gland (but not the pars nervosa) is the A) primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system. B) basilar artery on the brain stem. C) superior hypophyseal artery. D) hypophyseal branch of the external carotid artery

C) superior hypophyseal artery.

The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in A) the hypothalamus. B) the infundibular stalk. C) the median eminence. D) the pars tuberalis

C) the median eminence.

Cells of the adrenal medulla are most closely allied with A) the exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas. B) the pinealocytes. C) the sympathetic neurons. D) the T lymphocytes of the immune system.

C) the sympathetic neurons.

Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the A) bone tissue. B) pituitary gland. C) zona reticularis. D) nonpregnant uterus

C) zona reticularis.

Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except A) activation of vitamin D. B) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney. C) increase in plasma calcium. D) inhibition of osteoclasts.

D) inhibition of osteoclasts.

Endocrine cells that secrete steroids have all of the following cytoplasmic features except A) abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. B) secretion via diffusion. C) lipid droplets. D) secretory granules.

D) secretory granules.

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by A) bone cells. B) the brain. C) the epithelium of the small intestine. D) the epidermis.

D) the epidermis.

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. A) neurohypophysis B) adneohypophysis C) pineal gland D) thymus gland E) parathyroid gland

D) thymus gland

Secretes hormones that control blood sugar levels. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

An endocrine cell that secretes its hormone in response to the presence of another hormone is said to be controlled by humoral stimuli.

False

Gonadotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary secrete prolactin.

False

Gonadotropic cells of the pars distalis are the only class of cells there that produce more than one hormone.

False

In diabetes mellitus, the posterior lobe of the pituitary does not produce sufficient antidiuretic hormone.

False

The adrenal medulla consists of three distinct zones and secretes steroid hormones

False

The pituitary gland atrophies with age and by age 80 is replaced by adipose tissue.

False

All endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the bloodstream.

True

Melatonin production by the pineal gland involves signals transmitted by thoracic and cervical nerves.

True

Only GH, DHEA, and the sex hormones show marked decline in secretion with age.

True

Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus diffuse from the secondary capillary plexus to activate target cells in the pars distalis.

True

Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol

True

The endocrine cells of the pancreas are present in islets, whereas the exocrine cells are in acini

True

The heart contains endocrine cells that secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).

True

Thyroglobulin is produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland, bound to thyroid hormone, and stored inside the follicle.

True