Chapter 17 Pearson Review

What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene? 1. translation 2. RNA processing 3. transcription 4. modification of protein 3, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 4, 2, 3, 1 2, 3, 4, 1 1, 2, 4, 3

3, 2, 1, 4

How many nucleotides are needed to code for a protein with 450 amino acids? At least 150 At least 300 At least 450 At least 1,350 At least 900

At least 1,350

Who formulated the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis? Watson and Crick Hershey and Chase Franklin Beadle and Tatum None of the listed responses is correct.

Beadle and Tatum

Which of the following is a post-translational modification of a polypeptide? Removal of introns and splicing of exons Formation of a polysome that allows simultaneous formation of many polypeptides from one mRNA transcript The growing polypeptide signals the ribosome to attach to the ER Complementary base pairing of mRNA and tRNA in the ribosome Cleavage of a polypeptide into two or more chains

Cleavage of a polypeptide into two or more chains

What is a key difference in gene expression between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? In prokaryotes, proteins are assembled directly from DNA. In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing. RNA polymerases are involved only in initiation in eukaryotes. In eukaryotic cells, transcribed RNA sequences function as termination signals. Prokaryotes do not contain ribosomes.

In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing.

Genetic information of eukaryotic cells is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the form of __________. RNA proteins lipids carbohydrates

RNA

Which of the following catalyzes the linkage between ribonucleotides to form RNA during gene expression? RNA polymerase RNA ligase A ribozyme Reverse transcriptase tRNA

RNA polymerase

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of genetic information in a DNA molecule? A gene is composed of overlapping, three-nucleotide words on a template strand of DNA. The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand. The three-nucleotide words of a gene are serially arranged on both strands of DNA at a specific locus. By overlapping the three-nucleotide words of a gene, the amount of information a DNA molecule can hold is maximized. By analyzing the linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide, the exact order of the three-nucleotide words of a gene arranged on the template strand of DNA can be determined.

The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand.

__________ is the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA. Translation Splicing Transcription Alternative splicing The polypeptide hypothesis

Transcription

__________ is the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA. Transcription Translation Splicing Alternative splicing The polypeptide hypothesis

Translation

When RNA is being made, the RNA base _________ always pairs with the base __________ in DNA. U; A U; T T; G A; U T; A

U; A

Because the bacterial cell's DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope, __________ occur(s). coupled splicing and tailing of the message alternative splicing coupled transcription and translation segregated transcription and translation segregated splicing and tailing of the message

coupled transcription and translation

The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to __________. guide ribosome subunits out of the nucleus through nuclear pores attach mRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis process mRNA transcribe mRNA

deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis

Stop codons are unique because they __________. do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the P site of the ribosome do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the E site of the ribosome code for a specific amino acid that binds to a releasing factor do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome code for releasing factors

do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome

The TATA box is a __________ that allows for the binding of __________ and __________. ANSWER eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II prokaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II eukaryotic promoter; translation factors; ribosome prokaryotic promoter; translation factors; ribosome eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; ribozymes

eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II

Insertions and deletions are called __________ mutations. missense nonsense silent frameshift nucleotide-pair substitution

frameshift

Polysomes may be defined as __________. microfilaments and microtubules groups of lysosomes groups of chromosomes groups of peroxisomes groups of ribosomes

groups of ribosomes

The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________. peptide linkages hydrophobic interactions covalent bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds

hydrogen bonds

The sickle-cell β-globin mutation is an example of a __________. pointless mutation silent mutation nonsense mutation missense mutation base deletion

missense mutation

The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a _________ mutation. nonsense missense inversion deletion silent

nonsense

By bombarding the fungus Neurospora crassa with X-rays, Beadle and Tatum were able to study __________ and characterize enzymes in a __________. phenotypic mutants; biochemical pathway nutritional mutants; glycolysis phenotypic mutants; glycolysis wild-type mutants; biochemical pathway nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway

nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway

The structures called snRNPs are __________. part of a spliceosome involved in the removal of exons from DNA a type of specialized carbohydrate a critical component of the initiation complex All of the listed responses are correct.

part of a spliceosome

One strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence: 3-AGTACAAACTATCCACCGTC-5. In order for transcription to occur in that strand, there would have to be a specific recognition sequence, called a(n) __________, to the left of the DNA sequence indicated. promoter centromere intron exon AUG codon

promoter

RNA molecules that function as enzymes are called __________. RNA polymerases transfer RNAs polysomes ribozymes aminoacyl-RNA synthetases

ribozymes

In eukaryotic cells, a __________ by a __________ targets a growing peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum. ribosome; signal-recognition particle signal-recognition particle; signal peptide signal-recognition particle; ribosome signal peptide; polyribosome signal peptide; signal-recognition particle

signal peptide; signal-recognition particle

An exception to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is __________. that not all amino acids code for enzymes; some amino acids code for structural proteins such as keratin that all genes code for enzymes that produce structural proteins such as keratin that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin that the genetic code is for enzymes, while the structural code is for structural proteins such as keratin None of the listed responses is correct.

that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin

Eukaryotic processing of the primary transcript includes __________. the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, and the splicing out of exons the addition of a 5ê poly-A tail, a 3ê cap, and the splicing out of introns the addition of a 5ê poly-A tail, a 3ê cap, and the splicing out of exons the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, the splicing out of introns, and a polyadenylation signal

the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns

Bacteria can transcribe and translate human genes to produce functional human proteins because __________. bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes are identical eukaryotes do not really need a nucleus RNA has catalytic properties bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases are identical the genetic code is nearly universal

the genetic code is nearly universal

Gene expression is __________. the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins the genetic makeup of an individual the way that an individual appears the way that some genes express themselves at different times of the day, giving an individual a new appearance None of the listed responses is correct.

the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

The "triplet code" refers to the fact that _________. three amino acids code for a single nucleotide three sets of nucleotides are required for each amino acid the three-letter code for each amino acid is a triplet three nucleotides code for a single amino acid None of the listed responses is correct.

three nucleotides code for a single amino acid