Chapter 17, Quiz 1

Various chemical methods work together to maintain what is called the normal resting membrane potential difference between the inside and the outside of each neuron. This resting membrane potential is ______. Question options: -30 mV +30 mV +70 mV -70 mV 0 mV

-70 mV

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? Question options: 3 0 2 1 6

0

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? Question options: 6 3 2 0 1

0

A DNA molecule has which of the following 3-dimensional structures? Question options: A linear chain of proteins A circular array of nucleotides A double-stranded array of proteins A double-stranded array of sugar-phosphate groups linked together by "bases" None of the above

A double-stranded array of sugar-phosphate groups linked together by "bases"

Sensory neurons have nerve endings in the skin that can sense a stimulus. Which of the following are examples of sensory neurons in the skin? Question options: A neuron that senses a touch A neuron that senses heat A neuron that senses pain A neuron that senses light or dark A, B, and C are correct.

A neuron that senses a touch A neuron that senses heat A neuron that senses pain

Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following? Question options: estrogen and progesterone testosterone inhibin FSH and LH A, B, and C are all correct

A, B, and C are all correct

In the Sliding Filament Model of Contraction, actin and myosin filaments slide past one another using what as an energy source? Question options: Carbon Dioxide ADP DNA NADH ATP

ATP

Hormones regulate certain target cell responses. These can include which of the following? Question options: Metabolism Fluid balance Growth and development of tissue All of the above are correct. Sexual function

All of the above are correct

Hormones regulate certain target cell responses. These can include which of the following? Question options: Growth and development of tissue All of the above are correct. Sexual function Fluid balance Metabolism

All of the above are correct.

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? Question options: It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. It manufactures three hormones. It is controlled by the anterior part of the pituitary gland. All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

Which of the following is a critical result of bone recycling (remodeling)? Question options: Calcium homeostasis Sodium homeostasis Carbon homeostasis Nitrogen homeostasis

Calcium homeostasis

A patient complains of severe neck pain. The clinician will examine which group of vertebrae? Question options: Cerebral Thoracic Sacral Lumbar Cervical

Cervical

What type of cells makes up cartilage? Question options: Trabeculae Chondrocytes Osteocytes Osteoclasts Chondrolacunae

Chondrocytes

The process when the cytoplasm actually divides into two separate cells is named _________. Question options: Cytokinesis Interphase Mitosis Prophase Meiosis

Cytokinesis

The molecules which store the genetic instructions of an organism is ________. Question options: RNA DNA Histone ATP ADP

DNA

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? Question options: They have completely different functions. DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil

DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

The _________ of a neuron receive impulses from other neurons; the ________ transmits nerve impulses to other cells. Question options: Dendrites; axon Axon; dendrites Soma; axon Soma; dendrites None of these pairs are correct.

Dendrites; axon

The nervous system uses which of the following types of intercellular communication? Question options: Electrical and chemical Direct and hormonal Direct and chemical Hormonal and chemical Electrical and hormonal

Electrical and chemical

Stage one of GAS is called the alarm reaction. This is short-term stress, the fight-or-flight response, mediated by the hormones __________ and ___________from the adrenal medulla. Question options: Aldosterone; angiotensin Cortisol; hydrocortisone Testosterone; estrogen Insulin; glucagon Epinephrine; norepinephrine

Epinephrine; norepinephrine

Stage one of GAS is called the alarm reaction. This is short-term stress, the fight-or-flight response, mediated by the hormones __________ and ___________from the adrenal medulla. Question options: Testosterone; estrogen Insulin; glucagon Cortisol; hydrocortisone Epinephrine; norepinephrine Aldosterone; angiotensin

Epinephrine; norepinephrine

The primary hormones produced by the ovaries are ________. Question options: Progesterone FSH and LH Prolactin Estrogen Testosterone

Estrogen

All but which of the following are characteristics of aerobic respiration? Question options: Requires glucose Requires oxygen to produce ATP Takes place in the mitochondria Glycolysis Increases the efficiency of the circulatory system

Glycolysis Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that breaks down glucose to produce ATP.

Smooth muscle tissue can be found in all but which of the following places? Question options: Visceral organs Skin Stomach Heart Artery walls

Heart

The hormones of the human body can be divided into which of the following major group(s)? Question options: Sex hormones CNS hormones Hormones derived from amino acids Hormones derived from lipids C and D above are correct.

Hormones derived from amino acids Hormones derived from lipids

Cartilage is a specific type of connective tissue. What is the most common type of cartilage in the body? Question options: Elastic cartilage Hyaline cartilage Connective cartilage Fibrocartilage Chondrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage

A molecule (or region of a molecule) that is attracted to water is known as a(n) _________ molecule. Question options: Bi-layerd Integral Hydrophobic Bipolar Hydrophilic

Hydrophilic

How can the anterior part of the pituitary gland control the secretion of thyroid hormones? Question options: Some thyroid hormones are actually produced in the pituitary gland. If there are not enough thyroid hormones available in the body, the anterior pituitary can release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormone. It cannot affect the secretion of thyroid hormones. Growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland can stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones. None of the above.

If there are not enough thyroid hormones available in the body, the anterior pituitary can release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormone.

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream. Two of the above are true statements.

Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Question options: Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream. Two of the above are true statements.

Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

What is the fibrocartilage padding in between the vertebrae called? Question options: Intervertebral Disc Vertebral Gel Sac Costal Cartilage Thoracic Cartilage Spinal Tendon

Intervertebral Disc

What is the type of ossification (bone formation) that occurs between sheets of fibrous connective tissue? Question options: Intramembranous Ossification Trabecular Ossification Primary Ossification Flat Bone Ossification Endochondral Ossification

Intramembranous Ossification

Where can osteocytes be found within compact bone? Question options: Lacunae Foramen magnum Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage Sinuses

Lacunae

Which general type of hormone can easily pass through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm of the cell? Question options: Lipid-soluble hormones Pituitary hormones Water-soluble hormones CNS hormones Protein hormones

Lipid-soluble hormones

Which general type of hormone can easily pass through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm of the cell? Question options: Pituitary hormones Protein hormones CNS hormones Lipid-soluble hormones Water-soluble hormones

Lipid-soluble hormones

Varying degrees of contractive force in a skeletal muscle are generated through the process of what? Question options: Motor unit suppression Muscle twitch Tetanus Motor unit recruitment Contraction phase

Motor unit recruitment

The two major organ systems that participate in relatively "long distance" communication in order to control and coordinate actions in the body are the _______ system and the _______ system. Question options: Cardiovascular; endocrine Muscular; nervous Nervous; endocrine Muscular; integumentary Skeletal; muscular

Nervous; endocrine

The female's uterus secretes the following hormone: Question options: Estrogen None FSH Progesterone hPL

None

What is the layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the long bones called? Question options: Epiphyseal Plate Periosteum Lacunae Medullary Cavity Diaphysis

Periosteum

The functional unit of a muscle fiber is called what? Question options: Sarcophagus Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic reticulum Sartorius Sarcomere

Sarcomere

The following types of tissue all are part of the category named muscle tissue: Question options: Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Visceral muscle A, B, and C are all correct.

Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

A ______ cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells. Question options: Sex cell Diploid cell Stem cell Somatic cell Haploid cell

Stem cell

The gonads produce what class of hormones? amine hormones peptide hormones neurotransmitters catecholamines steroid hormones

Steroid hormones

Which type of joint is freely moveable, such as the elbow and knee? Question options: Fibrous Osteoarthrosis Synarthrosis Synovial Sutures

Synovial

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? Question options: TSH Cortisol ADH oxytocin Insulin

TSH

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? Question options: TSH Insulin ADH Cortisol oxytocin

TSH

The parathyroid glands are tiny, round structures usually found embedded in the posterior surface of the ___________. Question options: Pituitary gland Adrenal glands Pancreas Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Thyroid gland

The parathyroid glands are tiny, round structures usually found embedded in the posterior surface of the ___________. Question options: Pituitary gland Pancreas Hypothalamus Adrenal glands Thyroid gland

Thyroid gland

The basic types of cell-to-cell junctions between epithelial cells are ________. Question options: Tight junctions Gap junctions Anchoring junctions Fixed junctions A, B, and C are all correct.

Tight junctions Gap junctions Anchoring junctions

Slow oxidative (SO) muscle fibers: Question options: Do not produce ATP Use primarily anaerobic glycolysis Are intermediate types between fast glycolic and fast oxidative fibers Use primarily aerobic respiration May fatigue more quickly than fast glycolic and fast oxidative fibers

Use primarily aerobic respiration

Upon skeletal muscle membrane depolarization, what structures are triggered to open? Question options: Neurotransmitters Motor end plates Synaptic clefts Voltage-gated sodium channels Axon hillocks

Voltage-gated sodium channels

Which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest? Question options: a thin, unmyelinated axon a thin, myelinated axon a thick, unmyelinated axon a thick, myelinated axon All of these propagate the action potential at the same rate.

a thick, myelinated axon

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________. Question options: abnormally high levels of epinephrine abnormally low levels of aldosterone abnormally high levels of cortisol abnormally high levels of aldosterone abnormally low levels of cortisol

abnormally high levels of cortisol

The parathyroid glands are small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood ________ levels. Question options: calcium adrenalin potassium thyroid hormone insulin

calcium

The parathyroid glands are small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood ________ levels. Question options: thyroid hormone potassium insulin calcium adrenalin

calcium

Which of these locations is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of something? Question options: skeletal muscle spinal cord thalamus cerebral cortex None of the above.

cerebral cortex

Which of these locations is where the impulses to cause a movement, for example away from a stimulus, are initiated? Question options: skeletal muscle spinal cord thalamus cerebral cortex Both B and D are correct.

cerebral cortex

In contrast to the nervous system, the endocrine system uses only one method of communication: _________ signaling. Question options: direct "hard wired" transmitter chemical electrical

chemical

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? Question options: follicle cells chromaffin cells neuroglial cells beta cells oxyphil cells

chromaffin cells

The broad categories of connective tissue include which of the following types of connective tissue? Question options: connective tissue proper supportive connect tissue fluid connective tissue bony connective tissue

connective tissue proper supportive connect tissue fluid connective tissu

The large sheets of cells covering all the surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world and lining the outside of organs are all called ________ tissue. Question options: mesoderm tissue epithelial tissue skin tissue covering tissue lining tissue

epithelial tissue

Cells of the body are organized into _____ broad categories of tissue. Question options: six four five two three

four Epithelial Cells. These cells are tightly attached to one another. Nerve Cells. These cells are specialized for communication. Muscle Cells. These cells are specialized for contraction. Connective Tissue Cells.

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? Question options: increased bone deposition fractures convulsions low blood calcium levels All of the above are true.

fractures; Hyperparathyroidism leads to high PTH levels which would lead to excessive calcium reabsorption from bones. This could then result in pathological fractures.

The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex of ________ tissue and an inner medulla of ________ tissue. Question options: glandular; nervous glandular; connective nervous; fibrous glandular; lymphoid fibrous; glandular

glandular; nervous

The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex of ________ tissue and an inner medulla of ________ tissue. fibrous; glandular nervous; fibrous glandular; nervous glandular; lymphoid glandular; connective

glandular; nervous

The alpha cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete _________. Question options: insulin glucagon epinephrine alphagen All of the above

glucagon

The signaling done by the endocrine system is accomplished by the use of chemicals called _______. Question options: hormones electrons electrical signals transmitters action potentials

hormones

The signaling done by the endocrine system is accomplished by the use of chemicals called _______. Question options: transmitters electrons hormones action potentials electrical signals

hormones

The nervous system is involved in receiving __________ about the environment around and then generating __________ to that information. Question options: responses; input integration; responses responses; integration information; responses information; input

information; responses

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete __________. Question options: insulin glucagon epinephrine betagen Both A and B

insulin

The adrenal glands are wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to the top of the _________. Question options: kidneys thyroid gland hypothalamus spleen liver

kidneys

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. Question options: blood vessels nerve axons muscle bone cartilage

nerve axons

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. Question options: muscle bone nerve axons cartilage blood vessels

nerve axons

Which of the following are organelles found inside of an animal cell? Question options: nucleus mitochondria Golgi apparatus ribosome All of the above

nucleus mitochondria Golgi apparatus ribosome

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ________. Question options: prepare the breasts for lactation nourish the placenta regulate the menstrual cycle help the placenta to mature All of the above are true.

prepare the breasts for lactation

The most direct method by which an ion or molecule can move across a cell membrane is by ____________. Question options: simple diffusion active transport a sodium-potassium pump osmosis using an integral protein

simple diffusion

The _________ nervous system is responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses. The _________ nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of the body. Question options: central; peripheral peripheral; central somatic; autonomic autonomic; somatic None of the above

somatic; autonomic

The gonads produce what class of hormones? Question options: catecholamines neurotransmitters steroid hormones peptide hormones amine hormones

steroid hormones

One of the major functions of the adrenal glands is to respond to ________. Question options: pain hunger and thirst low insulin levels light and dark stress

stress

The development of a goiter indicates that ________. Question options: the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone Both B and C are correct.

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

The different types of cells are not randomly distributed throughout the body; rather they occur in organized layers, a level of organization referred to as ______. Question options: tissue epithelial a cell system an organ an organ system

tissue