Chapter 17 Review questions

Calculate the end-systolic volume (ESV) if the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml and stroke volume (SV) is 70 ml. 180 ml 50 ml 40 ml 10 ml

40 ml

How much blood is pumped from each ventricle during the ventricular ejection phase? 50 ml 90 ml 70 ml 120 ml

70 ml

How much blood is pumped from each ventricle during the ventricular ejection phase? 90 ml 120 ml 50 ml 70 ml

70 ml

Calculate the cardiac output if heart rate (HR) is 90 beats per minute, stroke volume (SV) is 110 ml/beat, end diastolic volume (EDV) is 140 ml, and end systolic volume (ESV) is 30 ml. View Available Hint(s) 9.9 L/min 14.0 L/min 20.0 L/min 34.0 L/min

9.9 L/min

Electrical link(s) between atria and ventricles

AV bundle

Delay(s) occurs here while atria contract

AV node

Which of these structures conduct(s) action potentials the slowest? AV node Bundle branches AV bundle Purkinje fibers

AV node

Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? semilunar valves only both semilunar and AV valves AV valves only

AV valves only

Which of the following decreases heart rate? Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Glucagon

Acetylcholine

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload? Antidiuretic hormone Atrial natriuretic peptide Aldosterone Norepinephrine

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Convey(s) the impulse down the interventricular septum

Bundle Branches

the volume of blood per minute pumped out by one ventricle

Cardiac Output

the volume of blood in one ventricle before contraction

End diastolic Volume

the volume of blood in one ventricle after contraction

End systolic volume

What largely determines preload? End-systolic volume (ESV) End-diastolic volume (EDV) Afterload Stroke volume

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

the number of heart beats per minute

Heart rate

Link(s) between the SA node and AV node

Internodal Pathways

Link(s) between the SA node and AV node

Internodal pathways

How will the cardiac output change if you double the heart rate but reduce the stroke volume by one-half? It will decrease. It will not change. It will increase. The answer cannot be determined by the information given.

It will not change.

Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria. Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves.

Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves.

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the __________. P-R interval P wave T wave Q-T interval

P-R interval

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the __________. Q-T interval P-R interval P wave T wave

P-R interval

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the __________. Q-T interval T wave P wave P-R interval

P-R interval

During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell? Rapid depolarization phase Plateau phase Initial repolarization phase Repolarization phase

Plateau phase

Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal. Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria.

Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.

What is the function of the valves in the heart? Eliminate pressure variances within the heart Promote contraction of the ventricles Prevent backflow of blood through the heart Invert during contraction of the ventricles

Prevent backflow of blood through the heart

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base? Pulmonary vein Superior vena cava Coronary sinus Pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary trunk

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? Pulmonary vein Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium? Aorta Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary veins

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium? Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries Aorta

Pulmonary veins

Convey(s) the impulse throughout the ventricular walls

Purkinje Fibers

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate? S-T segment P-R interval Q-T interval R-R interval

R-R interval

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate? Q-T interval R-R interval S-T segment P-R interval

R-R interval

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) Aortic valve Pulmonary valve Left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve)

Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

Set(s) the pace for the entire heart

SA node

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat? SA node AV bundle AV node Internodal pathway

SA node

Arrange these elements of the intrinsic conduction system in the order that a depolarizing impulse travels during a normal heartbeat. Bundle Branches Internodal Pathways SA node AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers

SA node Internodal Pathways AV node AV bundle Bundle Branches Purkinje fibers

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? Atrioventricular (AV) node Atrioventricular (AV) bundle Purkinje fiber system Sinoatrial (SA) node

Sinoatrial (SA) node

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? Purkinje fiber system Atrioventricular (AV) bundle Atrioventricular (AV) node Sinoatrial (SA) node

Sinoatrial (SA) node

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? Atrioventricular (AV) bundle Atrioventricular (AV) node Purkinje fiber system Sinoatrial (SA) node

Sinoatrial (SA) node

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? Purkinje fiber system Atrioventricular (AV) bundle Atrioventricular (AV) node Sinoatrial (SA) node

Sinoatrial (SA) node

the volume of blood per heart beat pumped out by one ventricle

Stroke Volume

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle? Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) Stroke volume (SV) and blood pressure (BP) Heart rate (HR) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) End-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV)

Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle? End-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) Stroke volume (SV) and blood pressure (BP) Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) Heart rate (HR) and end-diastolic volume (EDV)

Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

Which of the following happens immediately after the P wave? The atria relax. The ventricles relax. The ventricles contract. The atria contract.

The atria contract.

Which of the following events will immediately follow the phase of the cardiac cycle depicted in the figure? Blood is ejected into the pulmonary artery and aorta. The semilunar valves open. Ventricular systole. The atrioventricular valves open.

The atrioventricular valves open.

the volume of blood per minute flowing into one atrium

Venous return

What vessel delivers oxygenated blood to systemic capillaries for gas exchange? pulmonary trunk circumflex artery aorta coronary artery

aorta

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the __________. atria ventricles sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node

atria

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the __________. sinoatrial (SA) node ventricles atria atrioventricular (AV) node

atria

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the __________. atria ventricles sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node

atria

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the: sinoatrial (SA) node. atrioventricular (AV) node. atria. ventricles.

atria

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload? antidiuretic hormone aldosterone atrial natriuretic peptide norepinephrine

atrial natriuretic peptide

Autorhythmicity in the heart is the responsibility of __________. cardiac pacemaker cells smooth muscle cells contractile cells skeletal muscle cells

cardiac pacemaker cells

Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of: cardiac pacemaker cells. skeletal muscle cells. contractile cells. cardiac muscle cells.

cardiac pacemaker cells.

An increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase stroke volume by increasing __________. View Available Hint(s) end systolic volume end diastolic volume heart rate contractility

contractility

Inotropic agents affect __________. contractility stroke volume heart rate depolarization

contractility

The right side of the heart receives __________. deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit oxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

What largely determines preload? end-diastolic volume (EDV) stroke volume end-systolic volume (ESV) afterload

end-diastolic volume (EDV)

The visceral pericardium is the same as the __________. epicardium fibrous pericardium endocardium myocardium

epicardium

High-pressured blood in the ventricles __________. forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves open forces the semilunar valves open forces the AV valves open forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves shut

forces the semilunar valves open

What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? higher ventricular pressure than aortic pressure greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle equal ventricular and aortic pressures

greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle

The apex of the heart is __________. inferior superior posterior anterior

inferior

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells? intercalated discs excitability striations sarcoplasmic reticulum

intercalated discs

What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles? interventricular sulcus atrioventricular sulcus interatrial septum interventricular septum

interventricular sulcus

Unlike skeletal muscle action potentials, cardiac muscle action potentials __________. involve calcium voltage-gated channels have a short refractory period do not involve repolarization begin with a rapid depolarization phase

involve calcium voltage-gated channels

Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction

isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation

The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to and from the: brain. lungs. body. liver.

lungs

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called __________. afterload stroke volume contractility preload

preload

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called __________. afterload preload contractility stroke volume

preload

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called __________. preload afterload contractility stroke volume

preload

The aortic valve closes when __________. pressure in the left ventricle raises above aortic pressure pressure in the left ventricle falls below atrial pressure pressure in the left ventricle raises above atrial pressure pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? pulmonary vein pulmonary artery superior vena cava pulmonary trunk

pulmonary vein

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium? aorta pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins

pulmonary veins

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve) aortic valve right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) pulmonary valve

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the __________. atrioventricular (AV) bundle atrioventricular (AV) node sinoatrial (SA) node Purkinje fibers

sinoatrial (SA) node

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? Purkinje fiber system atrioventricular (AV) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle sinoatrial (SA) node

sinoatrial (SA) node

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle? heart rate (HR) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) stroke volume (SV) and blood pressure (BP)

stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

The vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body are part of the __________. conducting circuit coronary circuit pulmonary circuit systemic circuit

systemic circuit

The highlighted portion of this ECG trace corresponds to __________. atrial repolarization the duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay ventricular depolarization and plateau phase ventricular repolarization

the duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay

Afterload is described as: the ability to generate tension. the amount of blood that has drained into the ventricle by the end of the filling phase. the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries. the length or degree of stretch of the sarcomeres in the ventricular cells before they contract.

the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries.

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the __________. pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary capillaries tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle mitral valve and into the left ventricle

tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Both the left and right atria receive blood from __________. veins the ventricles arteries the lungs

veins

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the __________. pulmonary veins pulmonary arteries vena cavae cardiac veins

vena cavae

Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________.

ventricular diastole

During what phase does blood flow from the ventricles into the pulmonary trunk and aorta? isovolumetric relaxation phase ventricular filling ventricular ejection phase isovolumetric contraction phase

ventricular ejection phase