Chapter 18 key terms

Economic imperialism

Economic imperialism is the domination of one nation by another nation---- and companies within it -----that is economically more powerful. Example: US and European economic imperialism in Latin America created development but also aroused a spirit of nationalism.

Fascism

Fascism is a political philosophy or system marked by strong central authority and that places the nation, and often a race, above individual rights and freedoms. Example: Mussolini led a political movement that he called fascism.

Genocide

Genocide is the planned and systematic extermination of an entire racial, ethnic, political, or cultural group. Example: the nazis systematically murdered some six million Jews and others in a genocide known as the Holocaust.

Civilian

A civilian is a person who is not an active member of a police or military force. Example: Nearly 25 percent of those killed in World War II were civilians

Dictatorship

A dictatorship is a form of government in which total control is in the hands of one all-powerful ruler. Example: Italy and Germany were among the nations that adopted dictatorships in reactions to their problems following World War I

Protectorate

A protectorate is a relationship in which the protection and partial control of one nation is held by another, more powerful nation. Example: in the early 1900s, Russia seized Chinese Manchuria and established a protectorate over Mongolia, which had declared independence from China

Authoritarian

An authoritarian system is one that favours concentration of power in a leader of leaders who are not responsible to the people and which calls for blind submission to authority. Example: People turn to authoritarian leaders in hopes of restoring political and economic order.

Militarism

Militarism is the predominance of the armed forces in making and carrying out the policies of a nation. Example: nationalism expressed through fascism and militarism after World War I soon led to World War II

Sphere of influence:

A sphere of influence is an area within which the political and economic interests of one nation are more important than those of other nations. Example: China struggled with the spheres of influence the European powers and Japan had carved out in that large but weak nation.

Appeasement

Appeasement is the policy of giving in to the demands of a political enemy in order to avoid conflict. Example: by adopting the policy of appeasement, Great Britain and France though they were avoiding war.

Imperialism

Imperialism is the extension of a nation's power and influence by gaining control over territory through political or military means. Example: German and Japanese imperialism was driven by a desire to control land beyond their boundaries.