EMT chapter 24

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is: Select one: A. 8. B. 9. C. 10. D. 11.

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how trauma occurs

Mechanisms of injury (MOI)

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal? Select one: A. Only a Level I trauma center B. A Level I or Level II trauma center C. A Level IV or Level III trauma center D. Any designated trauma center is acceptable.

a level I or level II trauma center

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? Select one: A. Flail chest B. Aortic rupture C. Extremity fractures D. Forehead lacerations

aortic rupture

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: Select one: A. apply a cervical collar. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. auscultate bowel sounds. D. assess for an exit wound.

assess for an exit wound

result of force to the body that causes injury but does not pierce soft tissue or internal organs and cavities

blunt trauma

emanation of pressure waves that can damage nearby structures

cavitation

A compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion is called a(n) ________ brain injury.

coup-contrecoup

Significant clues to the possibility of severe injuries in motor vehicle collisions include: Select one: A. death of a passenger. B. a blown-out tire. C. broken glass. D. a deployed air bag.

death of a passenger

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? Select one: A. Dismounted seats B. Steering wheel deformity C. Intrusion into the vehicle D. Deployment of the air bag

deployment of the air bag

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? Select one: A. Lateral impact to the spine B. Energy transmission to the spine C. Direct trauma to the spinal column D. Secondary fall after the initial impact

energy transmission to the spine

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she: Select one: A. was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed. B. has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min. C. has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury. D. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma

Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries is referred to as the: Select one: A. mechanism of injury. B. index of suspicion. C. scene size-up. D. general impression.

index of suspicion

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: Select one: A. spinal cord injury. B. airway compromise. C. intracranial bleeding. D. a fracture of the skull.

intracranial bleeding

energy of a moving object

kinetic energy

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: Select one: A. frontal collisions. B. lateral collisions. C. rollover collisions. D. rear-end collisions.

lateral collisions

significant MOI that causes injuries to more than one body system

multisystem trauma

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: Select one: A. open abdominal trauma. B. neck and facial injuries. C. blunt trauma to the head. D. lower extremity fractures.

neck and facial injuries

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position. B. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. C. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. D. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

injury caused by objects that pierce the surface of the body

penetrating trauma

product of mass, gravity and height

potential energy

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious. B. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. C. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave. D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked

A patient complaining of chest tightness, coughing up blood, and subcutaneous emphysema following an explosion may be suffering from a: Select one: A. myocardial blast injury. B. ruptured tympanic membrane. C. ruptured peritoneal cavity. D. pulmonary blast injury.

pulmonary blast injury

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: Select one: A. doubles. B. triples. C. quadruples. D. is not affected.

quadruples

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? Select one: A. Intravenous fluid administration B. Early administration of oxygen C. Elevation of the lower extremities D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following is considered a type of motor vehicle collision? Select one: A. Ejection B. Rollover C. Crush D. Penetration

rollover

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? Select one: A. Lateral and rollover B. Frontal and rotational C. Rear-end and rotational D. Rotational and rollover

rotational and rollover

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: Select one: A. stabilize her entire spine. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. inspect the helmet for cracks. D. leave her bicycle helmet on.

stabilize her entire spine

A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the second collision? Select one: A. The bike hitting the car B. The bike rider hitting his bike or the car C. The bike rider's internal organs striking the solid structures of the body D. The bike rider striking the pavement

the bike rider hitting his bike or the car

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? Select one: A. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. B. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced. C. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.q

the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced

A fall from more than _____ times the patient's height is considered to be significant. Select one: A. two B. three C. four D. five

three

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: Select one: A. traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome. B. ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries. C. the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest ALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away. D. he or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor.

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome

Force acting over a distance is the definition of: Select one: A. work. B. latent energy. C. kinetic energy. D. potential energy.

work

force acting over a distance

work

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the way in which traumatic injuries occur. B. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. C. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries. D. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries