chapter 18 respiration system

A labored or difficult breathing

dyspnea

The ____ is a flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

The correct medical term for a nosebleed is

epistaxis

To breathe out

expiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs, body, and outside environment is called _____.

external respiration

This is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs, body, and the outside environment

external respiration

The esophagus carries both food and air.

false

If a client has a condition called orthopnea, this means that he or she ___.

has difficulty breathing when he is lying down

To breathe in

inspiration

Between the ribs: refers to the muscles

intercostal

The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the cells and the lymph around them

internal respiration

Healthcare workers use a spirometer to measure the _____.

lungs' capacity for air

The part of the brain that controls respiration

medulla

A _____ pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a facemask or mouthpiece.

nebulizer

Air filled cavity

olfactory

_____ facilitates the release of energy stored in nutrient molecules.

oxidation

Which of the following is an example of diffusion?

passage of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood

Using the fingertips to tap on a surface to determine the condition beneath is called:

percussion

Inflammation of the throat caused by bacteria or viruses is _____.

pharyngitis

The tissues covering the lungs and lining the chest cavity; the two pleural surfaces move over each other

pleural

______ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the lungs.

pleurisy

Pertaining to the sense of smell

sinus

A device to measure the air capacity of the lungs

spirometer

The term for using a device to measure the breathing capacity of the lungs is:

spirometry

A laboratory test for the presence of malignant cells is:

sputum cytology

Over-inflation of the lungs during inhalation is prevented by the ____.

stimulation of nerve endings in the walls of the lungs

The most serious potential consequence of sleep apnea is ____.

strain on the cardiovascular system

Lipid produced by the alveoli; forms a lining that prevents the thin membranes of the alveoli from sticking together

surfactant

An abnormally rapid and shallow rate of breathing is called ____.

tachypnea

An abnormally rapid rate of breathing

tachypnea

Infants should be placed on the _____ when sleeping in order to reduce the risk of SIDS.

their backs

An aspiration of the chest cavity for removal of fluid, usuallt for empyema

thoracentesis

Pertaining to the chest region

thoracic

The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs, with each breath, is the ______.

tidal volume

The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata of the brain.

true

Which of the following infectious diseases is increasing in incidence after being on the decline for many years?

tuberculosis

The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation is:

vital capacity

Children receive a vaccine to protect them against _____, a disease characterized by severe coughing attacks.

whooping cough

A deep, prolonged breath that fills the lungs, believed to be caused by the need to increase the level of oxygen in the blood, is called _____.

yawning

The purpose of residual air in the lungs is to ____.

allow the continuous exchange of gases between breaths

Small balloon-like sacs in the lung, through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

alveoli

Asthma is a respiratory disease in which _____.

an inflammatory response obstructs the airway

_____ is the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues.

anoxia

The loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds is known as

aphonia

A temporary stoppage of breathing movement.

apnea

Which condition is the absence of spontaneous respiration?

apnea

The medical term for withdrawing fluid from the body using suction is:

aspiration

The name for the condition in which an area of lung tissue collapses is:

atelectasis

The physical and chemical process by which the body supplies its cells and tissues with oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of carbon dioxide formed in the energy producing reaction

breathing

A lighted tubular instrument used to inspect the interior of the bronchial tubes

bronchoscopy

Where does oxygen release the energy stored in nutrients to provide heat and energy for body functioning?

cells throughout the body

A covering of short, bristle-like hairs

cilia

Dust, dirt, debris, and bacteria are removed from the air as it passes over the nasal passages by:

cilia

The respiratory disorder that affects the most people each year is _____.

common cold

The acute respiratory condition found in infants characterized by a barking cough is:

croup

The larynx gives resonance (deep, full tone) to the voice.

False

The most difficult part of breathing for individuals with emphysema is inhaling sufficient amounts of air.

False

External respiration involves the use of oxygen to release energy stored in nutrient molecules, such as, glucose.

False

Most respiratory infections are caused by bacteria.

False

Respiratory infections account for 60 percent of all infections.

False

Sound is produced by air being expelled from the lungs and passed over the larynx.

False

An inflammation of the lining of the nose.

Rhinitis

Breathing is controlled by the nervous system and by

Sinuses

An abnormally rapid and shallow rate of breathing is called _____.

Tachypnea

Chemical control of respiration is dependent on the level of carbon dioxide in the blood

True

If the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is too low, it can result in dizziness and fainting.

True

Quiet breathing at a normal rate is called eupnea.

True

There are about 500 million alveoli in the adult lung.

True

When lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, this is called:

pulmonary edema

Clients who have undergone surgery or have been on prolonged bed rest are at increased risk for ____.

pulmonary embolism

Which diagnostic test measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood?

pulse oximeter

The term for abnormal "crackling" sounds made during inspiration is:

rales

_____ is the physical and chemical process by which the body supplies its cells and tissues with oxygen.

respiration