Chapter 18 Speech

designated leadership

a person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed. takes care of procedural tasks and is spokesperson

problem solving small group

a small group formed to solve a particular problem such groups exist in every area of life. Business groups consider ways of increasing sales. Church groups discuss how to raise funds and provide for the needy. Groups of parents work on improving day care facilities

panel discussion

a structured conversation on a given topic among several people in front of an audience

task needs

are substantive actions necessary to help the group complete the particular task it is working on analyzing the issues facing the group distributing the workload among members collecting information soliciting the views of other members keeping the group from going off on a tangent

procedural needs

"housekeeping" requirements of the group when and where group will meet reserving the room, checking for number of chairs, air condition on setting agenda of each meeting starting meeting preparing and distributing handouts during meeting take notes during meeting, states progress

analyze the problem

How severe is the problem? What are the causes of the problem?

avoid biased or slanted questions

Ineffective: how can we keep the campus bookstore from ripping off students? effective: what changes, if any, should be made in the pricing policies of the campus bookstore

pose single question

Ineffective: what revisions should the college consider in its admissions requirements and in its graduation requirements? effective: what revisions should the college make in its admission requirements?

hidden agenda

carlos's expressed views are not his actual views, he just wants to express wht rachel is expressing to impress her

symposium

consists of a moderator and several speakers seated together in front of the audience a public presentation in which several ppl present prepared speeches on different aspects of the same topic often used for group reports

consensus

decision is one that all members accept, even tho the decision may not be ideal in the minds of every member ideal of group decision making

reflective thinking method

derived from writings of American philosopher John Dewy 1) defining the problem 2) analyzing the problem 3) establishing criteria for solving the problem 4) generating potential solutions 5) selecting the best solution

dyad

group of two people

small group

has a limited number of members, the minimum number is three

effective leader

helps its group reach its goals by fulfilling three overlapping sets of needs- procedural needs, task needs, and maintenance needs

implied leader

if a business meeting includes one vice president and several subordinates, the vice president becomes the implied leader. the same is true if one member of the group is a specialist in the topic at hand and the others are not

phrase question for a variety of answers

ineffective: should the city build a new elementary school? more effective: what steps should the city take to deal with increasing enrollment in the elementary schools?

maintenance needs

involve interpersonal relations in the group how members get along with one another how willing members are to contribute to the group whether members are supportive of one another whether members feel satisfied with the groups achievements

personal antagonism

leaves a bad taste in everyone's mouth and harms the performance of the group (basically calling someone else stupid for their idea instead of telling them their idea is bad in a nicer way)

no specific leader

members of effective groups tend to have equal influence any of the members can provide a necessary leadership

emergent leader

this is a person who who, by ability or by force of personality, or just by talking the most, takes a leadership role. (sounds like me) if group stalemated or has dissolved into bickering or making jokes, the emergent leader can put it back to track. may not be most effective but merely the most assertive personality

oral report

your task is to explain the groups purpose, procedures, and recommendations introduction: purpose of report, main points body: spell out the problem addressed by the group, criteria for a solution, solution being recommended conclusion: summarize main points, urge that the groups recommendations be adopted