Chapter 18: The Cold War

to be free, hold their own elections, and determine their own future.

After WWII ended, the USA and Great Britain wanted Eastern Europe

became fierce rivals as a result of conflicting political beliefs.

After WWII, the United States and Soviet Union

Warsaw Pact.

Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia East Germany and the Soviet Union joined together to form the

The Paris Peace Accords

An agreement between the United States and Vietnam that allowed the United States to withdraw troops from Vietnam.

The Warsaw Pact

Created a military alliance between the Soviet Union, East Germany and various Eastern European nations.

The four sectors were controlled by the big 4 Allies: Great Britain, the USA, France and the Soviet Union. Three of them- Great Britain, France and the USA- decided to combine their sectors and called the combined sectors "West Germany." The Soviet Union called its sector "East Germany." West Germany was a democracy and thrived economically. East Germany was communist and didn't fare well.

Describe the four sectors Germany was divided into.

a naval blockade

How did Kennedy stop the Soviets from delivering missiles to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

nuclear weapons

President Kennedy decided not to invade Cuba which was good because the Soviets were prepared to use _____________ against the U.S. if they did.

The Truman Doctrine

Stated that the US would provide money to nations threatened by communist expansion.

droughts and floods.

The Great Leap Forward was a disaster partially because of

Korean War

The United States became involved in the ______________ to stop the Chinese attempt to spread communism.

policy of containment.

U.S. involvement in the Korean and Vietnam Wars were direct results of the

no

Was Mao's Great Leap Forward program in China successful?

money

What did the Truman Doctrine plan to use to stop the spread of communism?

Those who supported communism but faced serious economic challenges

What kinds of nations were aligned with the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

an arms race

What led both the Soviet Union and the United States to build and stockpile massive weapons after WWII?

At first, China and the U.S. didn't get along because China was trying to spread communism and the U.S. was trying to prevent the spread of communism. However, as the Chinese and Soviets' relationship started falling apart, China's relationship with the U.S. began to improve.

What was China and the United States' relationship like during the Cold War?

NATO

What was formed in 1949 when several European countries signed a treaty with the United States and Canada?

Women were given more rights

What was one basic change made by the Chinese government during Communist Party rule in the 1950s and 1960s?

Mao Zedong's failed attempt to bring prosperity to China. It failed mainly due to bad weather and the dissatisfaction of the Chinese people with the program.

What was the Great Leap Forward?

The spread of communism

What was the U.S. policy of containment established to stop?

In 1945 when WWII ended

When did the Cold War begin?

France

Which European nation refused to end their colonial rule in Vietnam after WWII ended?

The Soviet Union

Which nation allied with North Korea in its attempt to take over South Korea?

containment

Which policy did the U.S. adopt to prevent the spread of communism?

The Soviets

Who built the Berlin Wall between East and West Germany to keep people from fleeing the communist East?

Mao Zedong

Who led the communists to victory in 1949 in the Chinese civil war?

The U.S. worried that the Communists wanted to dominate the world

Why did Americans fear the spread of communism to China?

To stop refugees (people fleeing) from East Germany into West Germany

Why did the Soviets erect (build) the Berlin Wall?

To stop the spread of communism- North Korea (and its ally the Soviet Union) tried to take over South Korea and make it communist. The U.S. intervened and was successful.

Why did the U.S. become involved in the Korean War?

To stop the spread of communism in Vietnam. North Vietnam was ruled by communists (and was allies with the Soviet Union), and the U.S. wanted to ensure the South remained free of communism but were unsuccessful in doing so.

Why did the U.S. become involved in the Vietnam War?

If South Vietnam fell to communism, the U.S. feared other Asian countries would soon fall to communism as well.

Why did the U.S. want to prevent communism from taking over in South Vietnam?

It's located only 90 miles from the U.S. and was allies with the Soviet Union (the enemy of the U.S.)

Why was Cuba a threat to the United States?

To force the Chinese people to obey the new ideas and eliminate the old ones

Why was the Red Guards formed in China?

Europe

___________ was divided into communist and noncommunist camps as a result of the Cold War.

The Marshall Plan

________________ was put into place to provide $13 billion in aid to European countries that faced economic problems. The U.S. believed that countries only fell to communism if they had economic problems and wanted to prevent that from happening.