Chapter 18
Which of the following most accurately describes where a chancre from a syphilis infection will appear?
At the site the bacteria entered the body
Half the new STI cases in the United States each year occur in people who are younger than age:
25
Who is more likely to be diagnosed with HIV?
African American women
How are the higher risk types of HPV diagnosed?
By DNA test on cervical cells
How are microbicides used?
By putting them in the vagina or anus or on the penis to kill HIV
How do certain lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) battle HIV in the body?
By secreting molecules that block HIV receptors
Which of the following accurately characterize chlamydia?
Easily curable Bacterial
Which of the following acts is most likely to result in a nongenital gonorrhea infection?
Fellatio
In what ways is the Zika virus transmitted?
From mother to fetus during pregnancy Sexual activity Blood transfusion Mosquito bite
The vaccine called ______ prevents most cases of cervical cancer.
Gardasil
Which STI also known as "the clap" is mentioned in the Old Testament?
Gonorrhea
Which STI did Hippocrates say was caused by "excessive indulgence in the pleasures of Venus"?
Gonorrhea
______ in males invades the urethra, producing inflammation of the urethra that cannot be overcome by the white blood cells that rush to the area.
Gonorrhea
Prostatitis can be caused by which of the following?
Gonorrhea Chlamydia E. coli
In 2017 alone, infection with caused 1 million deaths worldwide.
HIV
What causes AIDS?
HIV
Which of the following have hampered efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV? (Choose every correct answer.)
HIV is constantly mutating and creating new forms. HIV has many forms.
______ infection is the single most important risk factor for cervical cancer.
HPV
People who experience posttraumatic growth as a result of an HIV diagnosis tend to have which of the following?
Higher T cell counts More optimism
Which of the following is not a benefit of the use of latex condoms?
Increases sexual pleasure
In which of the following ways are the largest majority of men exposed to HIV in the United States?
Men who have sex with men
______ are substances in topical or ointment form that kill microbes such as HIV.
Microbicides
Select all of the following that are symptoms men experience from chlamydia.
Mild discomfort during urination Thin clear discharge
Which of the following is true about HIV tests?
Most tests cannot detect HIV antibodies until about 30 days after infection.
______ are HIV-positive people who are being studied for clues to breakthroughs in the war against AIDS because they have been symptom-free for 10 years or more.
Nonprogressors
Of the following, which is not a major site for nongenital gonorrhea infection?
Nostrils
In which of the following ways is genital herpes transmitted?
Oral-genital sex Sexual intercourse
Untreated gonorrhea can result in which of the following?
Painful menstruation Infertility Pelvic inflammatory disease
Which of the following refers to an infection and inflammation of the pelvic organs, such as the fallopian tubes and the uterus?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
______ is the most effective tool for the prevention and treatment of chlamydia.
Screening
Which problem is not one of the possible long-term consequences of herpes?
Severe migraines
HIV is transmitted in which of the following ways?
Sexual Intercourse Contaminated blood Infected woman to her baby during pregnancy
Which of the following would be the best candidate for PrEP?
Someone whose sexual partner is HIV-positive
Which of the following are caused by bacterial infections?
Syphilis Gonorrhea Chlamydia
Which of the following statistics is correct regarding STIs in the United States?
Teens and young adults have a disproporationately high rate of certain STIs compared to other age groups.
Which of the following marks the end of primary-stage syphilis?
The chancre goes away
Which of the following is true regarding pregnant women with positive HIV status in the United States?
The use of antiretrovirals has nearly eliminated the transmission of the virus to their infants.
What is the only known cure for the virus that causes genital herpes?
There is no cure.
Pubic lice can be transmitted from which of the following?
Toilet seats Bedding Sexual contact
In what ways does one get tested for chlamydia?
Urine sample Vaginal cell
What does HIV do to the body?
Weakens the immune system
For prevention, until a vaccine is created, the best interventions are ones that:
aim to change people's risky behavior.
How can a person become infected with HIV?
anal sex
Treatment for gonorrhea is:
antibiotics.
In women, 75 percent of the cases of chlamydia infection are:
asymptomatic.
Syphilis is a (viral/bacterial) STI, and so it is curable through the use of antibiotics.
bacterial
Which category of STIs are curable?
bacterial
The most common tests for syphilis are ______ tests.
blood
All of the following are strategies for developing an HIV vaccine EXCEPT developing a vaccine that:
can cure the disease after infection.
There are two types of HPV: high risk, which potentially causes ______; and low risk, which typically causes ______.
cancers; genital warts
Which of the following refers to a form of vaginitis that causes a thick, white discharge and is sometimes referred to as a yeast infection?
candida
The primary site of gonorrheal infection in women is the:
cervix
A painless, ulcerlike lesion with a hard, raised edge—a symptom of syphilis—is referred to as a:
chancre.
Girls attending a school health clinic collected vaginal swabs themselves, and after the swabs were tested, of the 18 percent of the girls that were infected, 8 percent were infected by chlamydia. None had any idea that they were infected. This is because:
chlamydia is often asymptomatic.
A syphilis infection in a newborn baby, resulting from transmission from an infected mother, is referred to as ______ syphilis.
congenital
On an individual level, the best method of prevention against chlamydia is:
consistent condom use.
HIV is one of a group of retroviruses that reproduce only in the living cells of the host, and each time the host cell divides,:
copies of the virus are produced along with more host cells.
The term STD is an acronym that means sexually transmitted
disease
The words global and pandemic have been used for HIV, with good reason, as infection is widespread and devastating.
epidemic
The term STI is an acronym that means sexually transmitted
infection
Transmission of candida to an infant's digestive system during birth results in
thrush
In the United States in 2017, according to the CDC, approximately ______ of AIDS cases were diagnosed in women.
one-quarter
HIV is a retrovirus, which means that it reproduces:
only in the living cells of the host species.
Herpes is psychologically difficult because:
outbreaks are often unpredictable.
Giving uninfected people antiretroviral meds so that they do not become infected in the future is a strategy known as:
preexposure prophylaxis.
Appearance is very distinctive for genital ___, which makes diagnosis very simple—whereas other issues might lie dormant.
warts
Creams, freezing methods, and chemicals are the typical treatments for genital
warts
Behavioral intervention for HIV prevention is most effective if it has all the following qualities, EXCEPT:
refraining from making arguments to change attitudes.
A main concern about antibiotic treatments for gonorrhea is:
resistance
One vaccine strategy for HIV involves stimulating the body to form to the virus.
resistance or antibodies
Since 2000, the incidence of syphilis in the United States has:
risen
In an untreated person with HIV, eventually their T cells are:
so reduced they can no longer fight infection.
The diagnosis of ______ should be applied when the T cell count drops (but is still over 500), but the person may not have any outward symptoms.
stage 1
In which stage of HIV does AIDS first occur?
stage 3
To diagnose ______, one should have a physical exam to check for chancres.
syphilis
Two shots of penicillin is the recommended dosage to treat:
syphilis.
The baby of a mother infected with syphilis:
may develop congenital syphilis
Today, patients take a "drug cocktail" of a combination of HIV drugs, which is referred to as:
ART.
Which of the following are true of genital herpes infection?
After the first active outbreak, the virus may remain dormant for the rest of the person's life. People are infectious even if they do not have an active outbreak. People are infectious even if they have never been symptomatic.
What gene has been identified as creating a strong resistance to HIV infection?
CCR5
Which of the following is secreted by killer T cells and can block HIV from entering cells?
Chemokines
______ has become one of the major sexually transmitted infections in the United States, growing at a rate of 1.6 million new cases a year.
Chlamydia
What can be used as protection against the transmission of HIV?
Condoms
Select all of the following that are the typical treatments for genital warts.
Creams Freezing Chemicals
The analogy between getting an incurable cancer and getting HIV is close, but it is not exactly the same because:
HIV is a stigmatized disease.
Which of the following is an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland?
Prostatitis
Which sexually transmitted infection causes a chancre to appear in the primary stage?
Syphilis
Which of the following is true of people's psychological response to herpes?
The range of psychological responses is enormous, with the individual response depending on how the infection presents itself.
Which of the following is NOT true about hepatitis B?
There is no vaccine against it.
the most accurate HIV tests have which two characteristics?
They test blood. They are done in a laboratory.
Which of the following refers to a form of vaginitis that causes a frothy white or yellow discharge with an unpleasant odor?
Trichomoniasis
What three infections account for the great majority of STIs in people between the ages of 15 and 24?
Trichomoniasis HPV Chlamydia
Which of the following is not a step to help prevent vaginitis?
Use feminine hygiene deodorant sprays.
Which of the following refers to an irritation or inflammation of the vagina, usually causing a discharge?
Vaginitis
What three drugs help to shorten herpes outbreaks, suppress recurrence, and reduce rates of transmission?
Valacyclovir Acyclovir Famciclovir
Which of the following are ways to prevent against STI infection?
Washing genitals before intercourse Inspecting partner's genitals Condom use Urinating before and after intercourse
True or false: The best HIV tests on the market detect the HIV virus, not just the antibodies or antigens to it.
false
HIV invades T cells, which are a specific group of white blood cells that are critical to:
fighting off infection.
(Select all that apply) The blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies to HIV are used to:
help people determine whether they are infected. screen donated blood.
Genital ______ is a sexually transmitted infection, the symptoms which are small, painful bumps or blisters on the genitals or lips caused by a virus.
herpes
Genital is a disease of the genital organs caused by a virus with two strains: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
herpes
Genital symptoms show as small, painful bumps or blisters on genitals and is a incurable lifelong virus.
herpes
Worldwide, the majority of HIV infection is the result of:
heterosexual transmission.
Vaginitis ______ a sexually transmitted infection.
is not
The fourth and final stage of syphilis, during which the disease does damage to major organs of the body such as the lungs, heart, or brain, is referred to as syphilis.
late
When someone has genital warts, the warts may appear in all of the locations listed EXCEPT:
lips
Which of the following might encourage the growth of Candida in the vagina?
long-term use of birth control
T cells are a type of:
lymphocyte.
Drugs known as protease inhibitors attack the viral enzyme that is necessary for HIV to:
make copies of itself.
(Men/Women) experience a thin clear discharge and mild discomfort if infected with chlamydia.
men
Which of the following is a result seen in babies of mothers infected with Zika?
microcephaly
Women who test positive for gonorrhea should also have a pelvic exam to check for:
pelvic inflammatory disease.
The treatment of choice for syphilis infection is:
penicillian
Chlamydia does not respond to ______ as a treatment.
penicillin
The stage of syphilis is when the chancre first forms.
primary
more commonly known as crabs, is an infestation in the pubic hair (although they can live in other course hair on the body) that causes substantial itching.
pubic lice
The ______ stage of syphilis is when a generalized body rash develops.
secondary
A pregnant woman with an active herpes infection:
should have a C-section so that she does not transfer the virus to the baby.
True or false: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States
true
True or false: In rare cases, trichomoniasis can be picked up from a toilet seat.
true
True or false: People with two copies of a mutation of the CCR5 gene have genetic resistance to HIV infection.
true
True or false: The majority of cases of early-stage gonorrhea in women are asymptomatic.
true
True or false: There is a vaccine against HPV that can prevent most cases of cervical cancer.
true
True or false: Untreated gonorrhea is one of the most common causes of infertility in women.
true
Gonorrhea is usually diagnosed by a ______ test.
urine