Chapter 19
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
blood flow to the kidney declines.
Blood type is identified primarily by
both the ABO and Rh blood groups.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?
develop into plasma cells
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
eosinophils.
The process of red blood cell production is called
erythropoiesis.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
erythropoietin.
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from
excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma, extensive breakdown of RBCs, destruction of hemoglobin, the recycling of hemoglobin.
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?
ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance.
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
four iron atoms.
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
hematocrit
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
hemoglobin
Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?
hemoglobin—10.7 g/100 ml
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as
hemosiderin and ferritin
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
her hemoglobin level is normal.
Which of the following is true of eosinophils?
Granules stain with eosin dyes, Allergic patients have many, They have bilobed nucleus, They constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs.
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
Monocytes
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?
RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
Which of the following is not true of monocytes?
about same size as basophils
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets?
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.
agglutinogens; agglutinins
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
albumin
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in
increased erythropoiesis.
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
injections of vitamin B12.
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes.
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
metalloprotein
If bile ducts are blocked,
more bilirubin appears in the plasma.
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?
neutrophils
Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils.
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are
neutrophils.
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
neutrophils.
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except
periods of fasting.
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the
red bone marrow.
Granulocytes form in
red bone marrow.
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in
red bone marrow.
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
red bone marrow.
The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the
red bone marrow.
Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?
vitamin B12 deficiency
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood
Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia?
3.5 million RBC
You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?
3.8 L
The average life span of a red blood cell is
4 months.
A typical adult hematocrit is
45
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45 percent
The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.
5.3
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
55; 92
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins.
In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?
an alcoholic with a damaged liver
Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect
an increased reticulocyte count.
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?
antibodies
Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?
are involved in cell mediated immunity
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen.
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
heme molecules lacking iron.
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic.
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins.
All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are
important in coagulation.
Plasma is closest in composition to
interstitial fluid
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
viscosity about the same as water.
The most abundant component of plasma is
water
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
Anemia
Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. What does this mean?
Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.
A genetically engineered hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is
G-CSF (Neupogen).
A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is
GM-CSF.
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.
Reticulocytes
Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of
Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
Which of the following statements about blood is false?
The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels, the release of erythropoietin, a rise in hematocrit, an increase in red blood cell production.
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
a superficial vein.
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from
an artery
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils.
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry dissolved blood gases
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.
Which of the following is true of basophils?
constitute about 1 percent of WBCs, granules contain heparin, granules contain histamine, attract other defense cells
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
Eosinophils function in
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?
hormone that regulates white blood cell formation
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
hormone-binding
A red blood cell that contains excessive amounts of hemoglobin would be called
hyperchromic.
Which of the following is not true of neutrophils?
less abundant than lymphocytes
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the
lymphocytes.
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause
pernicious anemia.
A person's blood type is determined by the
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
The function of platelets is to assist in the
process called hemostasis.
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of
proteins
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
recycled to the red bone marrow.
Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?
reticulocytes
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as
reticulocytes.
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
In adults, red bone marrow is located in the
sternum and ribs, proximal epiphyses of long bones, iliac crest, body of vertebrae.
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in
the spleen.
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
Which of the following is a function of the blood?
transport of nutrients and wastes, transport of body heat, transport of gases, defense against toxins and pathogens