Chapter 19

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

blood flow to the kidney declines.

Blood type is identified primarily by

both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

develop into plasma cells

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils.

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin.

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma, extensive breakdown of RBCs, destruction of hemoglobin, the recycling of hemoglobin.

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron atoms.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?

hemoglobin—10.7 g/100 ml

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

hemosiderin and ferritin

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Which of the following is true of eosinophils?

Granules stain with eosin dyes, Allergic patients have many, They have bilobed nucleus, They constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs.

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?

RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.

Which of the following is not true of monocytes?

about same size as basophils

Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

agglutinogens; agglutinins

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes.

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

If bile ducts are blocked,

more bilirubin appears in the plasma.

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

neutrophils

Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?

neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils.

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils.

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

periods of fasting.

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

red bone marrow.

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow.

The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the

red bone marrow.

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

vitamin B12 deficiency

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia?

3.5 million RBC

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8 L

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months.

A typical adult hematocrit is

45

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.

5.3

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins.

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?

are involved in cell mediated immunity

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

hypovolemic.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

important in coagulation.

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

viscosity about the same as water.

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. What does this mean?

Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.

A genetically engineered hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is

G-CSF (Neupogen).

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is

GM-CSF.

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Reticulocytes

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels, the release of erythropoietin, a rise in hematocrit, an increase in red blood cell production.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein.

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

an artery

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils.

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry dissolved blood gases

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is true of basophils?

constitute about 1 percent of WBCs, granules contain heparin, granules contain histamine, attract other defense cells

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Eosinophils function in

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

hormone-binding

A red blood cell that contains excessive amounts of hemoglobin would be called

hyperchromic.

Which of the following is not true of neutrophils?

less abundant than lymphocytes

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the

lymphocytes.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

pernicious anemia.

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow.

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the

sternum and ribs, proximal epiphyses of long bones, iliac crest, body of vertebrae.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in

the spleen.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

transport of nutrients and wastes, transport of body heat, transport of gases, defense against toxins and pathogens