chapter 19
Provides support for infectious disease laboratories and collects data
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
virulence factors.
Characteristics of a microorganism that enable it to establish infection and cause disease.
descriptive epidemiological study
Collecting data that characterize the occurrence
common source epidemic
Graph would show a steady increase in number of cases over time, followed by a slow tapering. exposure to a single source of an infection that occurred over a period of time.
Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing on a bar of soap used by a hospitalized but ambulatory patient
Healthcare environment
A physician with a mild case of undiagnosed influenza who reports to work.
Healthcare workers
nosocomial infection
hospital acquired infection
Report on isolation of pathogens with epidemiological significance in treated patients
hospital laboratories
fomites
inanimate objects that act as transporters of a pathogen. Ex. dirty tissue
A disease is included on the Notifiable Infectious Diseases List for the CDC if it
is of relatively high incidence or poses potential danger to public health.
morbidity rate
number of people affected
What is a zoonosis
A disease of animals (other than humans) that can be transmitted to humans.
Lack of proper air filtration or regulated airflow
Airborne transmission
Attempt to determine which risk factors are relevant to disease development.
Analytical studies
Attempt to identify potential risk factors that lead to disease.
Descriptive studies
analytical epidemiological study
Designed to determine which potential risk factors are actually relevant in the spread of the disease
propogated epidemic
Graph would show a rapid increase in the number of cases over a period of time. An epidemic sustained over time by its spread from person to person
An unusually large number of cases of a disease in a population.
Epidemic
Used to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention in preventing disease.
Experimental studies
Improper sanitation of medical devices
Fomite transmission
A sneezing and coughing patient sharing a room with another patient.
Other patients
Group of cases of a disease in a specific population.
Outbreak
An epidemic that spreads over several continents.
Pandemic
Staphylococcus epidermidis on the patient's skin around the site of an IV catheter insertion.
Patient microbiota
A state entity responsible for infection surveillance and control
Public Health Departments
Report absentee rates for young children
Public schools
characteristics of a pathogen that may affect disease spread
Virulence factors, Disease incubation period, Infectious dose of pathogen
Agency of the United Nations
World Health Organization
zoonotic disease
a disease communicable from animals to humans under natural conditions; like rabies
Diseases constantly present in a population.
endemic
The type of epidemiological study that determines the characteristics of the people involved and the time and place of the outbreak
descriptive
Infection through contact with an infected individual such as another patient or a healthcare worker
direct transmission
HOST factors that would influence epidemiology?
religion, previous immunization or exposure, age of population, gender, health of population, genetic background
The natural habitat of a pathogen or microorganism is called its
resivoir
Some people are genetically immune to disease such as HIV/AIDS and malaria.
true