Chapter 19

11. Which of the following assessment findings of a cardiac patient would be suggestive of cardiac tamponade?

C) 20 mm Hg Drop in systolic blood pressure during respiration

19. Persistent cyanosis has led an infant's care team to suspect a congenital heart defect. Which of the following assessment findings would suggest coarctation of the infant's aorta?

D) Blood pressure in the child's legs is lower than in the arms.

8. Dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction is characterized by increased wall:

B) thinning.

14. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a relevant treatment modality for which of the following disorders of cardiac function?

A) Atherosclerosis with history of MI

12. The plaques in a patient's coronary arteries are plentiful and most have small- to moderate-sized lipid cores with thick fibrous caps. This form of atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which of the following diagnoses?

A) Stable angina

1. Chronic stable angina, associated with inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the myocardium, is caused by:

A) fixed coronary obstruction.

13. Which of the following individuals is suffering the effects of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

B) A patient who occasionally experiences persistent and severe chest pain when at rest

7. Patients with ischemic coronary vessel disease and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are classified as low or high risk for acute myocardial infarction based on characteristics that include significant:

B) ECG changes.

20. Which of the following assessment findings of a cyanotic infant is incongruent with a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot?

B) The infant's pulmonary outflow channel is narrowed.

5. On the second or third day after an acute myocardial infarction, the area of necrosis is:

B) acutely inflamed.

2. Atherosclerotic plaque is most likely to be unstable and vulnerable to rupture when the plaque has a thin fibrous cap over a:

B) large lipid core.

17. A child's history of a recurrent sore throat followed by severe knee and ankle pain has resulted in a diagnostic workup and a diagnosis of rheumatic fever. What are the treatment priorities for this child?

C) Antibiotics and anti-inflammatories

16. Implantation of a pacemaker is most likely to benefit a patient with which of the following cardiomyopathies?

C) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

15. Football fans at a college have been shocked to learn of the sudden death of a star player, an event that was attributed in the media to an enlarged heart. Which of the following disorders was the player's most likely cause of death?

C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

18. An elderly female patient with complaints of increasing fatigue has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis, a disease which her primary care provider believes may have been long-standing. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms has most likely maintained the woman's ejection fraction until recently?

C) Increased heart rate and stroke volume

4. In adults, sudden death from an acute myocardial infarction is usually caused by:

C) acute ventricular arrhythmia.

6. In aortic regurgitation, failure of aortic valve closure during diastole causes an abnormal drop in diastolic pressure. This change in pressure causes decreased:

C) coronary perfusion.

10. Congenital heart defects can cause a right heart to left heart shunting of blood that results in increased:

C) unoxygenated blood flow.

3. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion can be life-threatening when the pericardial sac _______ and ______ the heart.

D) fills rapidly; compresses

9. Endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease are both cardiac complications of systemic infections. Characteristics include a new or changed heart murmur caused by:

D) vegetative valve destruction.