Chapter 19 Assignment/Assessment

For decades, the prevalence of TB was declining; however, in the United States, increases were seen in the ____________ due to the spread of ____________ .

1980s; HIV

In A-B toxins,

A is the toxic part

Please choose the correct statement comparing Bacillus cereus to Clostridium perfringens.

ALL CHOICES both bacteria are gram-positive rods both bacterial infections are mediated by ingested endospores similar foods can be the carrier material for the endospores of both organisms the symptoms of the two diseases are similar

How does the toxin enter the cell?

After B binds to host cell receptors, both A and B enter the host cell by endocytosis

After the A-B toxin enters the cell,

B is removed by exocytosis

Tuberculosis is a respiratory infection caused by a member of genus ____________.

Mycobacterium

The presence of Corynebacterium bacteria in the nasal passages and throat is not necessarily an indicator of diphtheria. Please choose all answers that relate to this statement.

Nonpathogenic Corynebacterium species are commonly found in these areas in all people a person can harbor C. diphtheriae without actually having diphtheria

Please select the key criteria used for categorizing the gram-positive bacilli into groups.

acid-fastness endospores oxygen requirements

Please select the explanation for why cancer patients have a higher risk of getting more serious listeriosis infections.

cancer patients are immunosuppressed, and this increases the severity of this disease

These concerning infections have led to new control measures, including programs to ensure compliance in drug therapy such as ____________ therapy.

directly observed

Rates are once again declining, but a new concern has been the increase in ____________ strains of M. tuberculosis.

drug-resistant

Which occupation would carry the greatest risk of contracting a Mycobacterium marinum infection?

employee at a fish store

Please select all correct characteristics of Actinomyces israelii

gram-positive macroscopic appearance similar to molds filamentous rather than regular-shaped cell

This pulmonary infection is diagnosed by testing the skin for ____________ to a bacterial protein, using chest X-rays to observe tubercles in the lungs, or ____________ staining of sputum specimens.

hypersensitivity; acid-fast

MDR-TB refers to ____________ tuberculosis, and XDR-TB stands for ____________ tuberculosis.

multidrug resistant; extensively drug-resistant

Why is antibiotic use a common cause of Clostridium difficile infections?

the antibiotic wipes out the normal bacteria in the gut, allowing C. difficile to overgrow

Please select the statement that best explains why leprosy is mainly a skin disease.

the bacterium M. leprae grows best at the cooler temperature of 30 degrees C

Please select the answer which describes why pulmonary anthrax is more deadly than cutaneous anthrax.

the destruction of macrophages reduces host resistance

The patient is a 34-year-old man, who is complaining of night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue. He is diagnosed with Mycobacterium avium complex. Please select the explanation that describes why this patient might have this disease

the patient has AIDs

Shallow skin lesions containing very few bacilli are indicative of

tuberculoid Leprosy

Pulmonary nocardiosis has symptoms that are very similar to ________.

tuberculosis

Please select the correct explanation for why Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is considered to be an occupational pathogen.

workers handling animals or their wastes are at risk of transmission