Chapter 19 Connect
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Change in single nucleotide
All
Genetic anticipation means that the disease severity gets worse in each future generation. If anticipation occurs, which of the following is true?
Anticipation occurs through one parent, but which parent varies depending on the disorder.
What synthesizes the new DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
_____ fills in the gap and ligase seals the nich
DNA polymerase
Anticipation always occurs for trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders.
F
Chemical agents can cause mutations by inducing ethylation of guanine residues in DNA.
F
In nucleotide excision repair, both strands of the DNA are digested and repaired using DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
F
Nucleotide excision repair only repairs pyrimidine dimers.
F
T/F All colonies had T1 resistant cells
F
T/F Colonies were picked one by one and tested for resistance
F
T/F Mutations in bacteria do not occur randomly
F
T/F Random mutation theory predicted that all colonies should have resistant cells
F
T/F: All suppressor mutations are considered reversion muations
F
T/F: Mutations only have an effect when they affect protein coding regions
F
T/F: Translocations never change gene expression, just where a gene is located
F
The enzyme ethylguanine-DNA ethyltransferase prevents DNA mutations from occurring.
F
Trinucleotide repeat expansions always occur in coding regions.
F
Somatic or Germ-line mutation Half of the gametes could carry mutation
Germ-line
Spontaneous or Induced mutation Environmental
Induced
Spontaneous or Induced mutation Ethyl methanesulfate
Induced
Spontaneous or Induced mutation Radiation
Induced
Spontaneous or Induced mutation UV Light
Induced
Position effect due to regulatory sequences
Inversion
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Change in Amino Acid
Missense
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Codon CCA changed to CGA
Missense
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Protein tertiary structure might change
Missense
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Insertion mutation
None
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Amino acid changed to stop
Nonsense
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Codon TTA changed to TGA
Nonsense
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Protein structure changes due to termination
Nonsense
Individuals with Xeroderma pigmentosum have defects in which repair pathway?
Nucleotide excision repair
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Codon CCA changed to CCG
Silent
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense No change in amino acid
Silent
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense No change in protein primary structure
Silent
Somatic or Germ-line mutation None of the gametes carry mutation
Somatic
Somatic or Germ-line mutation Ohenotype only seen in one for a few tissues
Somatic
Spontaneous or Induced mutation Deputination
Spontaneous
Spontaneous or Induced mutation Deamination
Spontaneous or Induced mutation
DNA polymerase slippage is thought to be one way that repeat regions expand.
T
T/F All colonies had T1 sensitive cells
T
T/F Lederberg's results supported the random mutation theory
T
T/F Random mutation theory predicts mutations occur randomly
T
T/F Some T1 resistant bacteria were present in normal colonies
T
T/F: Somatic mutations will not be passed on to an organism's progeny
T
T/F: Some mutations can make a promoter more efficient
T
The number of trinucleotide repeats varies between unaffected individuals, meaning there is a range of "normal" repeat numbers.
T
Trinucleotide repeat expansions are considered to be dynamic mutations.
T
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors Point mutation
both
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors missense mutation
both
Somatic or Germ-line mutation Can be point mutation
both
Somatic or Germ-line mutation can be deletion mutation
both
Somatic or Germ-line mutation can be inversion mutation
both
Spontaneous or Induced mutation can result in point mutations
both
There___ be more than one wild type allele.
can
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation DNA polymerase errors
cause
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation deamination
cause
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation depurination
cause
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation tautomeric shift of nucleotides
cause
Some mutations only affect phenotype under a certain set of conditions; these are called____ mutations.
conditional
UV light and other ionizing radiations damage DNA molecules by
creating thymine dimers between adjacent thymines in the DNA chain.
A____ mutation decreases survival and reproductive success.
deleterious
The most common type of spontaneous mutation in a cell is
depurination.
Somatic or Germ-line mutation mutation can be vertically transmitted
germ-line
The damage caused by UV light can result in a weakening of
hydrogen bonds.
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors Compensating mutation in another gene
intergenic
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors second mutation occurs in the same gene
intragenic
A nucleotide change within a coding region that changes one amino acid to another in the protein.
missense mutation
Affected by natural selection and genetic drift.
mutation frequency
Number of mutant genes divided by total number of genes within a population.
mutation frequency
Likelihood a gene is altered by a new mutation.
mutation rate
Number of new mutations in a given gene per cell generation.
mutation rate
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors CCA to CCG
neither
Somatic or Germ-line mutation Mutation can be passed on horizontally
neither
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors Can only occur in diploids
none
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors Reversion mutation
none
Intergenic or Intragenic suppressors silent
none
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Deletion mutation
none
A nucleotide change within a coding region that changes a sense codon to a stop codon.
nonsense mutation
The general name for a change in a single base pair.
point mutation
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation deletion mutation
result
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation insertion mutation
result
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation missense mutation
result
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation nonsense mutation
result
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation point mutation
result
Cause or result of spontaneous mutation translocation mutation
result
A nucleotide change within a coding region that produces no change to the amino acid sequence.
silent mutation
Spontaneous or Induced mutation DNA polymerase errors
spontaneous
Spontaneous or Induced mutation Natural processes
spontaneous
During mismatch repair, the template strand must be distinguished from the newly synthesized strand. In prokaryotes the template strand is
the methylated strand of a hemimethylated duplex.
Purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine change.
transition
Purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine change.
transversion
In a natural population, the most common genotype is often called ____.
wild type
Position effect with heterochromatic chromosome
Translocation
During nucleotide excision repair in E. coli, which proteins identify the damaged DNA?
UvrA and UvrB
The ___ complex tracks along the DNA in search of damaged DNA
UvrA/UvrB
After damage is detected, ___ is released and ____ binds
UvrA/UvrC
What protein digests the damaged DNA strand?
UvrC
____, an endonuclease, cuts on both sides of the damage
UvrC
Which protein has a helicase function?
UvrD
_____, a helicase, removes the damaged region
UvrD
