Chapter 19 phần 2

52) ________ involves less investment because the firm does not require an overseas marketing organization or network. It also involves less risk. A) Indirect exporting B) Direct exporting C) Joint venturing D) Licensing E) Contract manufacturing

A

53) Sellers may eventually move into ________, whereby they handle their own exports. The investment and risk are somewhat greater in this strategy. A) direct exporting B) embargo C) product adaptation D) indirect exporting E) licensing

A

59) ________ ventures consist of one company joining forces with foreign investors to create a local business in which they share ownership and control. A) Joint ownership B) Licensing C) Contract manufacturing D) Management contracting E) Indirect exporting

A

64) All of the following are strategies for adapting product and marketing communications to a global market EXCEPT which one? A) external extension B) straight extension C) communication adaptation D) product adaptation E) product invention

A

71) The two major links between the seller and the final buyerchannels between nations and channels within nationsmake up a ________. A) whole-channel view B) direct-distribution channel C) large-scale channel D) transportation network E) global value delivery

A

72) The first link between the seller and the final buyer, ________ move company products from points of production to the borders of countries within which they are sold. A) channels between nations B) channels within nations C) whole-channel views D) large-scale channels E) global value deliveries

A

77) U.S. foreign policy makers have criticized China for protectionist regulations and other actions that restrict access to several Chinese markets, including banking services. This is an example of a(an) ________. A) nontariff trade barrier B) tariff C) boycott D) exchange control E) quota

A

81) Nike faced a situation in a Muslim country with the stylized "Air" logo on its shoes. Muslims were offended because Nike's "Air" resembled "Allah" in Arabic script. This is an example of ________. A) the impact of culture on marketing strategy B) communication adaptation C) product adaptation D) adapted global marketing E) product invention

A

89) A Chinese New Year television ad features a dragon in a holiday parade, adorned with red Coke cans. The spot concludes, "For many centuries, the color red has been the color for good luck and prosperity. Who are we to argue with ancient wisdom?" This is an example of ________. A) communication adaptation B) joint venturing C) product invention D) straight product extension E) product adaptation

A

98) The global name for Microsoft's operating system, Vista, turns out to be a disparaging term for a frumpy old woman in Lativa. Microsoft must adjust the name. This is an example of the need for ________. A) communication adaptation B) standardized global marketing C) straight product extension D) product adaptation E) communication extension

A

99) Based on the passage, Selman & Saks entered the French market to gain which of the following benefits of global trade? A) access to new consumer markets B) access to less expensive labor C) access to less expensive materials D) access to foreign investment incentives E) the ability to offset domestic economic cycles

A

55) Through ________, an organization in the foreign market buys the right to use a company's manufacturing process, trademark, patent, trade secret, or other item of value. A) indirect exporting B) licensing C) contract manufacturing D) management contracting E) joint ownership

B

60) ________ involves entering a foreign market by developing foreign-based assembly or manufacturing facilities. A) Exporting B) Direct investment C) Joint venturing D) Contract manufacturing E) Direct exporting

B

70) ________ occurs when a company either charges less than its costs or less than it charges in its home market. A) Price escalation B) Dumping C) Licensing D) Straight product extension E) Countertrade

B

83) Think Ink is a growing company that sells a variety of inks for home and business printers. Management at Think Ink has decided to open a sales branch overseas to handle sales and distribution abroad. Think Ink is engaging in ________. A) indirect exporting B) direct exporting C) licensing D) joint ownership E) management contracting

B

85) Heineken beer is sold successfully in about the same form around the world. This is an example of which product strategy? A) product adaptation B) straight product extension C) product invention D) dual adaptation E) communication adaptation

B

88) Sony found that Japanese commuters had difficulty using standard laptops on crowded rush-hour trains since standing commuters have no laps. So Sony created the U as a "standing computer." The U includes a touch screen and small keyboard that can be used while standing or on the move. This is an example of ________. A) straight product extension B) product invention C) product adaptation D) dual adaptation E) communication adaptation

B

92) Which of the following is true regarding economic communities? A) Trade barriers have increased between the United States and Mexico since NAFTA was created. B) Tariffs are typically lower or nonexistent between countries in the community than between countries not in the community. C) CAFTA-DR represents the world's single largest market. D) Converting numerous currencies into the euro has been a failure. E) NAFTA was modeled after CAFTA-DR.

B

93) Trusted Wholesalers is a company that purchases products produced in Mexico and sells them to companies based in the United States and Canada. Management at Trusted Wholesalers would most likely be interested in becoming experts in the agreements made by ________. A) the EU B) NAFTA C) CAFTA-DR D) FTAA E) UNASUR

B

100) If Selman & Saks allowed a French company to produce and market razors and trimmers carrying the company's brand in exchange for a royalty, Selman & Saks would be using which market entry strategy? A) exporting B) franchising C) licensing D) contract manufacturing E) joint ownership

C

56) Coca-Cola markets internationally by ________ bottlers around the world for a fee or royalty and then supplying them with the syrups needed to produce Coke products. A) contract manufacturing with B) management contracting with C) licensing D) creating joint ownerships with E) directly investing in

C

58) Hilton helps others run their hotels by exporting know-how services rather than products. This type of joint venture is known as ________. A) contract manufacturing B) licensing C) management contracting D) joint ownership E) direct investment

C

62) ________ means selling largely the same products and using the same marketing approaches worldwide. A) Adapted global marketing B) Global marketing mixing C) Standardized global marketing D) Export marketing E) Multinational strategizing

C

63) ________ means adjusting the marketing strategy and mix elements to each international target market. A) Standardized global marketing B) Global marketing mixing C) Adapted global marketing D) Communication adaptation E) Whole channel viewing

C

67) Changing promotions for each local market is known as ________. A) a straight extension B) advertising depth C) communication adaptation D) product adaptation E) standardized global marketing

C

69) Regardless of how companies go about pricing their products, their foreign prices will probably be ________ their domestic prices. A) the same as B) lower than C) higher than D) competitive with E) not comparable with

C

73) A firm normally gets into international marketing by simply shipping out its goods. If its international sales expand, the company organizes a(n) ________. A) indirect exporting venture B) joint ownership C) export department D) international division E) standardized global marketing strategy

C

82) Members of management at Growing Green, a company that markets organic and environmentally friendly gardening and landscaping supplies and equipment, are evaluating the benefits and disadvantages of indirect exporting, direct exporting, and licensing. In which stage of the international marketing process is Growing Green? A) deciding whether to go global B) deciding which markets to enter C) deciding how to enter the market D) deciding on the global marketing program E) deciding on the global marketing organization

C

86) To make Oreo cookies sell well in China, Kraft completely altered the popular all-American classic to a long, thin, four-layered, chocolate-covered wafer. This is an example of ________. A) product invention B) straight product extension C) product adaptation D) dual adaptation E) communication adaptation

C

87) Vidal Sassoon shampoos contain different amounts of scent according to what country they are sold in. This is an example of ________. A) straight product extension B) product invention C) product adaptation D) communication adaptation E) standardized global marketing

C

94) Trusted Wholesalers is a company that currently purchases products produced in Mexico and sells them to companies based in the United States and Canada. Trusted Wholesalers is considering whether to also purchase products produced in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. To make their decision, members of management at Trusted Wholesalers will most likely closely evaluate the agreements made by ________. A) the EU B) NAFTA C) CAFTA-DR D) MCAN E) UNASUR

C

95) Which of the following would a defender of globalization most likely use as an example to argue that concerns of Americanization are overblown and that globalization is indeed a two-way street? A) the view of McDonald's as a domestic brand in China B) the growing popularity of coffee in China since the introduction of Starbucks C) the growing number of IKEA furniture stores in the United States D) the initial failure of Disneyland Paris E) the antiglobalization protests aimed at KFC

C

97) To maximize the toothpaste market in China, Crest needs to convince more of the Chinese population to brush their teeth. Which of the following would Crest be most likely to use to accomplish this? A) product adaptation B) straight product extension C) communication adaptation D) standardized global marketing E) product invention

C

51) When entering a foreign market, companies typically start with ________, working through independent intermediaries to sell products produced in the home country. A) direct exporting B) embargo C) product adaptation D) indirect exporting E) licensing

D

54) All of the following are types of joint ventures EXCEPT ________. A) licensing B) contract manufacturing C) joint ownership D) direct investment E) management contracting

D

65) "Take the product as is and find customers for it" is the slogan for ________. A) product strategy B) product invention C) adapted marketing D) straight product extension E) product adaptation

D

68) Kellogg ads in the United States promote the taste and nutrition of Kellogg's cereals versus competitors' brands. In France, where consumers drink little milk and eat little for breakfast, Kellogg's ads must convince consumers that cereals are a tasty and healthful breakfast. Kellogg is following what type of marketing strategy? A) straight product extension B) product adaptation C) product invention D) communication adaptation E) straight communication extension

D

74) World product groups, geographical organizations, and international subsidiaries are all options for organizing a(n)________. A) export department B) indirect exporting venture C) joint ownership D) international division E) standardized global marketing strategy

D

78) Coffee, tea, cotton, and tobacco are the main exports of Uganda. It is most likely that Uganda has a(n) ________ economy. A) subsistence B) marketing C) merchandise exporting D) raw material exporting E) industrializing

D

84) Hershey recently linked with Indian-based Godrej Beverages and Foods to make and distribute its chocolates in that country. When it comes to selling chocolate in India, Hershey will need all the help it can from its new local partner. This is an example of which joint venture? A) licensing B) contract manufacturing C) management contracting D) joint ownership E) indirect exporting

D

91) At Comfort Homes, a manufacturer of furniture and home accessories, the global operating units report directly to the chief executive instead of a head of an international division. The company recruits management from many countries and buys components and supplies where they cost the least. Comfort Homes is most accurately classified as a(n) ________. A) direct exporter B) geographical organization C) international subsidiary D) global organization E) world product group

D

96) A company could conduct direct exporting in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one? A) It can set up a domestic export department. B) It can set up an overseas sales branch. C) It can send home-based sales people abroad to find more business. D) It can work through independent international marketing intermediaries. E) It can hire foreign-based agents who sell goods on its behalf.

D

57) Sears opened up department stores in Mexico and Spain, where it found qualified local manufacturers to produce many of the product it sells. This type of joint venture is known as ________. A) joint ownership B) licensing C) management contracting D) indirect exporting E) contract manufacturing

E

61) Lower costs in the form of cheaper labor or raw materials, foreign government investment incentives, freight savings, and the opportunity to improve the company image are all factors that would likely lead a company to ________ in a foreign market. A) use direct exporting B) begin licensing C) conduct management contracting D) initiate joint ownerships E) make a direct investment

E

66) Nokia created dustproof keypads, crucial in dry, hot countries with many unpaved roads, such as India. This is an example of ________. A) product invention B) straight product extension C) standard global marketing D) communication adaptation E) product adaptation

E

75) In a(n) ________, executives are trained in worldwide operations, not just domestic or international operations. A) direct exporting company B) joint venture C) international division D) international subsidiary E) global organization

E

76) Growing Green is a company that markets organic and environmentally friendly gardening and landscaping supplies and equipment. Members of management at Growing Green are examining the policies of GATT, actions undertaken by the WTO, and the agreements made by NAFTA and the EU. In which stage of the international marketing process is Growing Green? A) deciding whether to go global B) deciding which markets to enter C) deciding how to enter the market D) deciding on the global marketing program E) looking at the global marketing environment

E

79) Azerbaijan imported wheat from Romania in exchange for crude oil and Vietnam exchanged rice for Philippine fertilizer and coconuts. Both scenarios are examples of which of the following? A) cash transaction B) compensation C) buyback D) blocked currency E) barter

E

80) India needs more imports of raw materials such as textiles, steel, and heavy machinery and fewer imports of finished textiles, paper products, and automobiles. India is most likely a(n) ________ economy. A) subsistence B) emerging C) raw material exporting D) agrarian E) industrializing

E

90) A Gucci handbag may sell for $60 in Italy and $240 in the United States. It must add the cost of transportation, tariffs, importer margin, wholesaler margin, and retailer margin to its factory price. Gucci faces a ________ problem. A) dumping B) tariff C) licensing D) product adaptation E) price escalation

E