Chapter 1&2 marriage
Scholars and advocates with a _________ perspective point see constant evolution as normal.
Family change
Which of the following theoretical perspectives is concerned with the impact of the family policy?
Family ecology
_____________ is made up of the idea and feelings about the uniqueness and value of one's family unit, which often emerges in rituals and celebrations.
Family identity
Compared to 50 years ago, marriage is not as ___________ to Americans.
Important
The process by which family identity, traditions, and commitment emerge through interaction within particular family, is an important part of which perspective?
interaction-constructionist
Those with a "family change" perspective view the family as ______________.
"An adaptive institution"
A person who believed in the "family decline" theory might say the following:
"There has been a serious breakdown in marriage and family values."
According to the text, over time, cohabitation has become
"mainstream"
Sometimes we ____________ into a decision rather than making a conscious one.
"slide"
According to the text, a national random sample of approximately ____________.
1,500
Today only __________ percent of American households fit the 1950s-nuclear family ideal of a married couple with children, where only the husband is employed.
6
Same-sex couple households increased by __________ percent between 2000 and 2010.
80
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a current societal trend impacting families?
A great increase in the number of pets in the family.
The most generalizable findings are most likely to be found in a survey with
A representative sample
Individuals' choices depend largely on the _____________ that exist in their social environment,
Alternatives
To help accomplish ethical standards, most researchers now must have their research plans reviewed by
An institutional review board (IRB)
The concept of "household" is broader then the "family" as it includes
Any person residing in the home.
According to the family development perspective, each development task has "on-time" transitions and a certain order in which major transitions to adult roles take place, called ____________.
Appropriate age staging.
In 1957, the total fertility rate was about 3.6 children per women. For the last decade and a half, it has been _____ child/children per women.
Around two
A photograph in the text depicts and mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group speculate about whether the child seems to be secure, insecure/anxious avoidant towards the mother?
Attachment theorists
As families have become less traditional, the legal definition of a family has
Become much more flexible.
The _______________________ perspective argues that humans' evolutionary biology affects much of human behavior and, more specifically, many family-relayed behaviors.
Biosocial
Personal experience provides us with information, but it can also act as ____________, which is why we need scientific study.
Blinders
The text observes that most people grow in some form of family and know something about what marriages and families are. But while personal experience provides us with in formation, it can also act as
Blinders
Traditionally, both law and social science specified that the family consisted of people related by
Blood, marriage, or adoption.
Family ____________ theories posit that today's family forms need to be seen as historically expected adjustments to changing conditions.
Change
Andres is a family therapist who is interested in how husbands cope when they are victims of physical abuse suffered at the hands of their wives. He makes and intensive study of the five husbands who are currently his clients for therapy sessions because they suffer physical abuse from this source. Andre is using which type of research method?
Clinician's case study
What is the impact of communication technologies like e-mail, Skype. And GPS on families?
Communication technologies change the way families interact.
We live in a society characterized by ____________ change, including increased ethic, economic, and family diversity
Considerable
In an experiment, the ________ group receives no special intervention.
Control
Family change is attributed to which of the following influences?
Economic trends and cultural changes
A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might speculate about the woman's personal power and resources relative to others in her family?
Exchange theorists
People are influenced by the society around them. Societal or structural conditions can negatively limit or positively.
Expend.
A(n) __________ is possible when the researcher has a large amount of control over the various aspects of the phenomena under study.
Experiment
Researchers who randomly assign subjects to different groups suggest that the investigation are using which technique?
Experiment
What is meant by the term postmodern family?
Families today exhibit a multiplicity of forms
Family togetherness, stability, and loyalty are all examples of?
Familistic (communal) values.
The ___________ perspective looks at the family as a whole; where change is one part sets in motion a process restore equilibrium.
Family Systems
Scholars and advocates with a ___________ perspective point to what they see as a negative cultural change accentuated by excessive individualism and self-indulgence.
Family decline
A photograph in the text depicts a family waiting for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might remark on the quality of the facilities of speculate about the home that these people live in?
Family ecologists
A strength of the ____________ perspectives is that it sensitizes us to significant political-economic and social-cultural issues that may not be addressed in other
Family ecology
A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars would likely not that the women is in the child - rearing stage of the family life cycle?
Family life course develop mentalists
The ___________ perspective is focused on several things, including confronting and reducing oppression and factors as social class, race, and ethnicity, and sexual orientation.
Feminist
_________ promotes recognition of women's unpaid work and the greater involvement of men in childcare and housework.
Feminist perspectives
A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might point out that, typically, it is mothers and not fathers who are primarily responsible for their children's health - and ask why?
Feminists
Representative samples (like Gallup polls) are important to family survey research because the results can be _________ to the national population of the example.
Generalized
In the contemporary version of evolutionary theory, it is the survival of one's ____________ into future generations that is important.
Genetic material
Economic ___________ has affected bread-winning and consumption in America families.
Globalization
The divorce rate
Has been in decline for the last three decades.
The definition of family adopted by the author of this text includes those who do all of the following EXCEPT
Have the same name and background
According to the text, one disadvantage of survey research is it depends on the?
Honesty, motivation, and ability to respond.
The Census Bureau uses which of the following terms to describe a person or a group of people residing together?
Household
Exchange theory stresses the importance of ___________ in family relationships.
How family members use their resources to trade with other family members
Life in American families reflects tension in American culture between family solidarity and _________.
Individual freedom
When persons think in terms of seeking primarily personal-as opposed to command groups-happiness and goals, this reflects which orientation?
Individualictic
Valuing personal happiness and goals and the development of distinct identity is a _________ vaule.
Individualist
What is the primary reason, according to the text, that the transition to adulthood has become elongated?
It takes longer to earn enough to support family
Studying social changes in the family can be best understood through __________ date.
Longitudinal
Collecting data over a period of years using documented material would reflect a(n)
Longitudinal study
If you wanted to make a knowledgeable decision about choosing which class to take,
Look through the catalog at all the possibilities, consider what will benefit you in the future, and register early to get the class you consider best.
Which of the following is NOT listed by your text as a major family function?
Meeting sexual desires
Children are ___________ likely than the general population or the elderly to be living in poverty.
More
Compared to the recent past, children are __________ likely to live with a grandparent today.
More
The child population of the U.S. is _____________ racially and ethnically diverse that the adult population.
More
The likelihood of divorce declines with _________________.
More years of education.
The climate, soil, plants, and animals are all parts of the ___________ environment.
Natural physical-biological
In __________ the researcher spends extensive time with respondents and carefully records the aspects of everyday life.
Naturalistic observation
The family ecology perspective believes every family is embedded in a set of _____________, which exist outside of the family and influence it.
Nested structures
Family diversity has progressed to the point that there is
No typical family today
The ___________ hypothesis proposes that work-marriage-family sequence is thought to be best for mental health and happiness.
Normative order
__________ family becomes common in industrial societies because it was better suited for city life.
Nuclear
Which of the following reflects the relationship between personal decisions making and society?
Personal decisions are impacted by, but also influence, society.
Today's family ecologists stress the interdependence of all the world's families, not only with one another but also with our fragile ____________ environment.
Physical-biological
Particularly among college educated women, parenthood is _____________,
Postponed
Which of the following is a path young adults took in response to the recession?
Postponed marriage
Within exchange theory, the ____________ refers to the relationship between commitment to the relationship and power in the relationship.
Principle of least interest
The structure-functional theoretical perspective views the family as performing at least three important functions. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
Promoting genetic material.
Researchers conducting surveys want their samples to be
Representative
According to the interaction-constructionist theoretical perspective, _____________ is how family members adapt culturally understood roles to their own situation and preferences.
Role-making
Children learn social roles by intimidating the behaviors of parents, siblings, and family members through a type of play called ___________.
Role-taking
Every time a person makes an important decision they ___________ for that time or permanently.
Rule out alternatives.
Parents, siblings and other relatives are usually highly influential in developing a child's ____________, or that child's sense of worth and value.
Self-concept
Through the lens of social scientific research, individual choices are shaped by?
Social factors
According to the text's discussion of how social factors influence people's personal choices,
Social factors can limit people's options
Language, law, and social and economic systems are all parts of the _______ environment.
Social-cultural
As modern human settlement occurs, roads and houses are built, and utility lines are strung. This activity illustrates the ____________.
Social-culture
The ecology perspective helps to identify factors that are important to ________ support for all families.
Societal and community
What factor may cause a father to make choices about his family by "sliding" into a decision?
Strong day-to-day pressure on the job cutting into time at home.
The view that the family is an enduring social institution because of the important tasks it performs for society-economic security, emotional support, socialization of children- is the ____________ perspective.
Structure-functional
The conflict perspective is the opposite of the ____________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.
Structure-functional theory
When conducting ___________, researchers ask a series of structured, or closed-ended questions.
Surveys
Over the past several decades,
The divorce rate has declined somewhat.
What is assisted reproductive technology (ART)?
The manipulation of sperm and/or egg in the absence of sexual intercourse that may involve a third party.
Economic uncertainty caused by __________ is a current societal trend impacting families.
The recession that began in 2007.
A possible disadvantage of the family ecology perspective is that it is __________.
Too broad and inclusive.
While part of being, a scientist is having objectivity, in reality
Total neutrality is impossible for anyone
Which of the following is NOT one the steps involved with making knowledge choices?
Try to avoid making a decision if possible
Theoretical perspective or theories can increase our __________ families and family life.
Understanding of.
The conflict and feminist perspectives call attention to _____________ within groups - including families - and within the larger society.
Unequal power
Many employers have redefined family
With respect to employee benefit packages
