Sports Injury Management Exam 2

Costochondral Injury

Sprain of the junction of the costal cartilage as it attaches to either the ribs or the sternum

Acute Torticollis

lateral flexion of the neck, injury to the cervical spine

Lumbar Fracture or dislocation management

If pain is severe or neurological signs/symptoms are present, activate emergency action plan

Sacroiliac Joint Sprain

May result form a single traumatic event (fall) or repetitive stress (running)

Stitch in the side signs and symptoms

Sharp pain in chest wall, usually on the lower right during exertion

Hemothorax

a puncture of the lung that results in blood filling the space where the lung normally sits

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Torticollis

painful muscle spasm, lateral flexion of the neck to one side with rotation toward the opposite side, Limited cervical range of motion

EIB signs and symptoms

Chest pain and tightness, shortness of breath ,burning sensation, dry cough, may or may not wheeze, stomach cramps after exercise

What are the conditions that trigger EIB?

Exercise, cold, dry air and pollutants

Insulin shock management

Increase blood glucose levels by ingesting 10-15 grams of fast absorbing carbohydrates, Check blood glucose levels in 15 minutes and if necessary, provide additional carbohydrate based foods/drinks

Which lumbar discs are most commonly herniated? What mechanism is associated with this condition?

L4-L5 and L5-S1. Most ruptures move in a posterior or posterolateral direction as a result of torsion and compression, not just compression.

Neck Laceration

Laceration of the neck that may involve a major artery or vein

What is sciatica an underlying symptom of?

May be due to a disc herniation, piriformis syndrome, facet joint pathology, etc.

Pectorals Major Strain

Muscle strain associated with violent deceleration injury such as a forceful punching or blocking movement with arm

Low Back Pain in Runners

Muscle tightness and soreness (strain) from a forward leaning running form

Sciatica

Pain that radiates down the back the leg

Stitch in the side

Possible causes include diaphragmatic spasm due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen)

Stitch in the side conditions

Potential causes include trapped colonic gas bubbles, localized diaphragmatic hypoxia with spasm, liver congestion with stretching of the liver capsule, and poor conditioning.

Cervical fractures and dislocations signs and symptoms

Radiating pain into one or both extremities, numbness or reduced sensation,weakness or paralysis, loss of bowel or bladder control

What signs and symptoms of an acute low back injury should be recognized as "red flags" and warrant immobilization and immediate referral to a physician?

Severe pain, point tenderness, or deformity, loss or change in sensation, paralysis or inability to move a body part, diminished or absent reflexes

Pectorals Major Strain and anabolic steroids

The imbalance between the strength of the muscle and tendon increases the likelihood of a strain at the musculotendinous junction.

Cervical fractures and dislocations

The vertebral fracture or dislocation may be associated with a spinal cord injury

Insulin shock symptoms

Tired or weak, dizzy or lightheaded, aggressive behavior, shaky or anxious, sweating with pale, cold, clammy skin

What is Marfan's syndrome?

a genetic disorder of the connective tissue that can affect the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart, and blood vessels. The hallmark characteristic is a weakened aorta that can rupture during exertion.

Pneumothorax

caused by a fractured rib; the rib punctures the lung and results in a deflated lung

Scheuermann's disease

degeneration of the cartilage on the vertebral body

Neck Laceration management

manage the laceration based on the severity of the injury. Always use universal precautions, apply firm direct pressure. If the laceration results in profuse bleeding, activate EMS, monitor ABCs, and monitor for shock

Pectorals Major Strain signs and symptoms

pain at rest, but increased with contraction or stretching of muscle, pain with palpation of area, deformity, swelling, ecchymosis

Thoracic Fractures and Apophysitis (wedge)

pain due to excessive tensioning where a muscle or connective tissue attaches onto the bone

Brachial Plexus injury return to play

pain free, full strength, normal sensation, full range of motion of neck, shoulder, and elbow, normal functional ability

Lumbar fracture or dislocation signs and symptoms

pain, increased pain with palpation, spasm May involve neurological signs/symptoms

Tension pneumothorax

puncture of the lung that results in air filling the space where the lung normally sits, shifting the contents of the thorax to the side and compressing the aorta

Costochondral Injury Signs and symptoms

sharp, stabbing pain ,deep or forceful inspiration or expiration, compression of the ribs causes sharp pain, visual deformity is sometimes noted, a "pop" may be noted

Brachial Plexus injury Prevention

strength and stability training, proper mechanics

Brachial Plexus Injuries (AKA Stingers or Burners)

stretch injury of the shoulder and neck or pinch injury involves axial loading of the cervical spine

EIB prevention

taking medications, warming up, progressing into the workout, breathing slowly through the nose, avoiding exposure to air pollutants, cool-down after

Low Back Pain in Runners signs and symptoms

tight hamstring muscles, tight hip flexor muscles, short strides, pain in low back which increases with resisted contraction of the back muscles, anterior pelvic tilt and hyperordosis

Stitch in side return to play

when symptoms resolve