Chapter 2

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants.

Institutional Review Board

________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Jane Goodall

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________.

archival research; surveys

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double-blind

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) ________.

experiment

Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

quasi-experimental

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

statistical analysis

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

inter-rater reliability

A major advantage of case studies is ________.

detailed information

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

-0.5

Are researchers allowed to deceive participants in their studies?

Yes, but when the study is over the researcher has to reveal the study's real goals and explain why the deception was necessary.

On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line indicate ________.

a strong correlation

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding variable

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research.

designing, conducting, and reviewing

The ________ variable measures effects of the independent variable.

dependent

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

validity