Risk factors can be categorized as congenital conditions (present at birth) or acquired defects (occurring after birth). Question 4 0 / 0 pts What is the difference between morphology and histology? Your Answer: Histology- the changes in the cell, this

What is the function of the nucleus?

Control center for the cell.

What is diffusion?

Electrolytes move from high to low concentration.

Define endocytosis and the 2 processes it encompasses.

Endocytosis occurs when a molecule outside of the cell is enclosed in an invagination of the cell membrane forming a vesicle inside the cell. It includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Pinocytosis, or "cell drinking," engulfs small solid or fluid particles, as seen with proteins and electrolytes. Phagocytosis means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other particulate matter.

What are the 3 types of receptor proteins?

G-protein-linked, ion-channel-linked, enzyme-linked.

What is the function of lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria?

Lysosomes: digestion, Peroxisomes: control free radicals, Mitochondria: energy production

What is contained in the cytoskeleton and what is its function?

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, thick filaments; control cell shape and movement

What is tertiary prevention?

Reducing complications after diagnosis.

What is primary prevention?

Removing risk factors to prevent disease.

What organelles are in the cytoplasm?

Ribosomes, ER, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes

What are the roles of ribosomes, rough ER, and smooth ER?

Ribosomes: protein synthesis, Rough ER: lysosomal enzyme synthesis, Smooth ER: lipid synthesis

What is an example of primary prevention?

Vaccinating children to prevent communicable disease.

What is down-regulation?

Decrease in active receptors due to excess messengers.

What is secondary prevention?

Detecting and treating disease early.

Define morbidity.

Effect of an illness on one's life.

What is an example of secondary prevention?

Annual Pap smears to detect early cervical cancer.

Name the 4 types of cell signaling.

Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, synaptic

Define mortality.

Cause of death in a population.

What is active transport?

Cells use energy to move ions against gradient.

Name 3 structures within the nucleus.

Chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope.

Give examples of where cilia and flagella are found in the human body.

Cilia: nasal sinuses, bronchi; Flagella: spermatozoa

What is up-regulation?

Increase in active receptors due to lack of messengers.

What are the 3 primary structures of the cell?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane.

What is incidence?

Number of new cases in a population at risk.

What is prevalence?

Number of people with the disease in a population.

Why is the Na+/K+ pump important?

Prevents cell swelling by moving sodium out and potassium in.

What is the most important active transport system?

Sodium-potassium (Na+/K+)-ATPase pump.

Why do cells need to communicate with one another?

Specialization, growth, adaptation

What is an example of tertiary prevention?

Taking medication after a heart attack to reduce future risk.

Why is evidence-based practice important?

To practice based on clinical research.

What is facilitated diffusion?

Transport protein helps large molecules pass through membrane.

What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane?

Transport, hormone binding, conduction, growth regulation