Marine Science - Chemistry of Water Test Review

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What is water?

2 atoms of H covalently bonded to 1 atom of O

How much of the earth is covered by Fresh Water?

3%

At what temperature is water most dense?

3.98' Celsius

What is the average ocean-wide salinity of seawater?

34.6 ppt

How much of the earth is covered by water?

71%

How much of the earth is covered by Salt water?

97%

Which ocean is the furthest north?

Arctic

Which ocean is S-shaped?

Atlantic

What are the top seven constituents dissolved in salt water? Top two?

Cl, Na, SO4, Mg, HCO3, Ca, K

The mass of a substance divided by its volume is ?

Density

What does it mean when a fish has high tolerance to salinity change?

Euryhaline

What does it mean when a fish has a high tolerance to temperature changes?

Eurythermal

What is the layer between changing salinity in the water column?

Halocline

What is it called when a fresh water fish doesn't drink anything but has lots of dilute urine?

Hyper-osmotic

What is it called when a salt water fish drinks heavily and has crystal urine?

Hypo-osmotic

Which ocean has 3 major rivers running into it from India and one from Africa?

Indian Ocean

Same salt concentration as surroundings is called?

Isotonic

What is the main component of seawater?

Na - Sodium

Is all the fresh water on earth readily accessible? If not, how much and why?

No, 9%

What is it called when marine organisms can maintain an internal environment that is isosmotic to their external environment?

Osmoconformer

What is it called when a fish has to maintain its bodies internal environment against that of the water?

Osmoregulator

Which ocean holds most of the world's water?

Pacific

Which ocean is the oldest?

Pacific

Which ocean is the widest?

Pacific

Which ocean is the deepest?

Pacific - deepest location is marian trench

What is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water called?

Salinity

Which ocean does not have its own basin?

Southern

What does it mean when a fish has low tolerance to salinity change?

Stenohaline

What does it mean when a fish has low tolerance to temp change?

Stenothermal

What is the layer between changing temperature in the water column?

Thermocline

What is viscosity?

Thickness

What nickname is given to water because of its ability to dissolve most things?

Universal Solvent

Which biogeochemical cycle includes the following... the basis of all living things, atmospheric from respiration and also from burning fossil fuels, and found in land, water, air?

carbon

Which type of water is most dense.. cold or warm?

cold

What are some major importances of the ocean to plant Earth (humans included)?

fresh water, oxygen, food, medicine, fuel

Which biogeochemical cycle includes the following... drives all the other cycles.. necessity for life?

hydrologic cycle

Which type of water is most dense.. liquid, solid, or gas?

liquid

Which biogeochemical cycle includes the following... broken down by bacteria either in the water or in the sediment, found in the atmosphere, water and in the sediment?

nitrogen

Is there more land exposed North or South of the equator?

north

What is a biogeochemical cycle? Which are the three most important, in the oceans?

pathway by which a chemical substance moves through both biotic and abiotic components of Earth -Carbon -Nitrogen -Phosphorous

Which biogeochemical cycle includes the following... found in sediment and waste run-off from land, used by plants, recycled when living things die?

phosphorous

Which type of water is most dense.. salt or fresh?

salt

What nickname is given to the ocean since all the waters can flow back and forth?

worlds ocean


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