chapter 2

clustered bar graph

consists of a grid and some vertical or horizontal columns (bars) that are arranged in groups, or clusters.

lower class boundary

found by subtracting 0.5 units from the lower class limit

relative frequency

frequency / sample size the proportion of data value that fall within a class

class width

lower limit class 2- low limit of class highest-lowest _______________ #of class

time series graph

shoes how data changed over time

upper class boundary

the upper class boundary is found by adding 0.5 units to the upper class limit

frequency table

A tabulation of data values that displays the number of times each value or group of values occurs in the dataset

bimodal distribution

a continuous probability distribution with two different modes.

histogram

a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

bar graph

a diagram in which the numerical values of variables are represented by the height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width.

stem-and-leaf display

a display where the data is organized by place value, very useful if you need to find the mean, median, or mode of the data set.

outlier

a person or thing situated away or detached from the main body or system.

circle graph

a pie chart that shows the percentages

Pareto chart

a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.

relative frequency histogram

a type of graph that shows how often something happens, in percentages.

class lower limit

the smallest numbers that can belong to the different classes.

class midpoint

lower class limit +upper class limit __________________________________ 2

class upper limit

the Maximum value within a class limit

class frequency

the number of data value that falls with a class

uniform shape

when all the data on the histogram is the same

mound-shaped symmetrical distribution

when the histogram is shaped like a mound, the biggest being in the middle and the sides being symmetrical

skewed left distribution

when the left is smaller

skewed right distribution

when the right is smaller