chapter 2
clustered bar graph
consists of a grid and some vertical or horizontal columns (bars) that are arranged in groups, or clusters.
lower class boundary
found by subtracting 0.5 units from the lower class limit
relative frequency
frequency / sample size the proportion of data value that fall within a class
class width
lower limit class 2- low limit of class highest-lowest _______________ #of class
time series graph
shoes how data changed over time
upper class boundary
the upper class boundary is found by adding 0.5 units to the upper class limit
frequency table
A tabulation of data values that displays the number of times each value or group of values occurs in the dataset
bimodal distribution
a continuous probability distribution with two different modes.
histogram
a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.
bar graph
a diagram in which the numerical values of variables are represented by the height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width.
stem-and-leaf display
a display where the data is organized by place value, very useful if you need to find the mean, median, or mode of the data set.
outlier
a person or thing situated away or detached from the main body or system.
circle graph
a pie chart that shows the percentages
Pareto chart
a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.
relative frequency histogram
a type of graph that shows how often something happens, in percentages.
class lower limit
the smallest numbers that can belong to the different classes.
class midpoint
lower class limit +upper class limit __________________________________ 2
class upper limit
the Maximum value within a class limit
class frequency
the number of data value that falls with a class
uniform shape
when all the data on the histogram is the same
mound-shaped symmetrical distribution
when the histogram is shaped like a mound, the biggest being in the middle and the sides being symmetrical
skewed left distribution
when the left is smaller
skewed right distribution
when the right is smaller