Chapter 2- AP Classroom Questions
Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
sympathetic nervous system
The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called
the action potential
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?
A loss of motor coordination
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
digesting food
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
A decrease in heart rate
Which of the following is classified as an antagonist?
A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.
Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine
The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?
An all-or-none response
During the high-wire act, Grace walks along a rope suspended 30 feet above the circus floor. Which of the following is most involved in helping Grace coordinate her movements and maintain her balance during the performance?
Cerebellum
Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?
Computerized axial tomography
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
Dopamine
In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?
Epilepsy
Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?
It was initiated in the spinal cord.
Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?
Neuroplasticity
Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?
Positron emission tomography (PET)
In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity?
Positron-emission tomography (PET)
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?
The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.
Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?
The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?
The terminal buttons
The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called
a dendrite
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by
afferent neurons
A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as
an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an
antagonist
Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the
cerebellum
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
electroencephalography (EEG)
Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as
endorphins
Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise
increases her level of endorphins
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
medulla
The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as
plasticity
The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called
reuptake
An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the
right visual cortex
During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is
the myelin sheath
The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as
the refractory period
Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a
visual deficit
