Chapter 2: Chemical basis of Life: Atoms, Molecules, & water

Which if the following molecules are predicted to easily dissolve in water?

- Ions that carry full electric charges - Carbohydrates that contain -OH groups

True of polar covalent bond?

- The 2 atoms in the bond share the electrons unequally - The atoms in the bond differ in electronegativity

Atoms that have partially filled energy shells

-Tend to share lose, or gain electrons - Can form compounds

Why are atoms likely to share electrons

Because they have unfilled outer valence shells

Within an atom's structure, electrons can be found:

Cloud-like orbitals

NaCl is considered a _______ because it is a molecule composed of 2 atoms of different elements bonded together

Compound

Atoms share a pair of electrons when they form a ____ bond

Covalent

what is a likely predictor of how many covalent bonds an atom can form?

Electron configuration in the outermost shell

The ____ of an atom is a measure of its ability to attract electrons when in a bond with another atom

Electronegativity

What determines whether a covalent bond is polar or non polar?

Electronegativity of the atoms involved in the bond

An atom or ion is most stable when its outermost shell is occupied by its full complement of...

Electrons

Which type of subatomic particle is found outside the nucleus?

Electrons

Capacity to do work is known as:

Energy

T/F: An element is made up pf 2 or more atoms

False

An element's atomic ___ is based on the protons and neutrons it contains, while an element's atomic ____ is based only on the number of protons

Mass, Number

what term describes 2 or more atoms that are bonded together?

Molecule

Due to the presence of protons, Atom's ____ has a net positive electrical charge

Nucleus

Valance electrons are found in:

Outmost energy shells

Atoms are electrically neutral because they have equal numbers of ____ and _______

Protons, Electrons

An Element's atomic number is based on the number of ___ it contains. Its atomic mass includes the number of protons and the number of ____

Protons, Neutrons

What are 3 subatomic particles?

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

what is a chemical element?

Pure substance composed of only one type of atom

Which if the following statements is true of a polar covalent bond?

The shared electrons are closer to one nucleus than to the other

Matter is composed of functional units called____, 2 or more of which bonded together form a _____

atoms, molecules

Atoms are most stable when their outer shells are filled with...

electrons

Atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of which subatomic particle?

protons