Chapter 2: Chemical basis of Life: Atoms, Molecules, & water
Which if the following molecules are predicted to easily dissolve in water?
- Ions that carry full electric charges - Carbohydrates that contain -OH groups
True of polar covalent bond?
- The 2 atoms in the bond share the electrons unequally - The atoms in the bond differ in electronegativity
Atoms that have partially filled energy shells
-Tend to share lose, or gain electrons - Can form compounds
Why are atoms likely to share electrons
Because they have unfilled outer valence shells
Within an atom's structure, electrons can be found:
Cloud-like orbitals
NaCl is considered a _______ because it is a molecule composed of 2 atoms of different elements bonded together
Compound
Atoms share a pair of electrons when they form a ____ bond
Covalent
what is a likely predictor of how many covalent bonds an atom can form?
Electron configuration in the outermost shell
The ____ of an atom is a measure of its ability to attract electrons when in a bond with another atom
Electronegativity
What determines whether a covalent bond is polar or non polar?
Electronegativity of the atoms involved in the bond
An atom or ion is most stable when its outermost shell is occupied by its full complement of...
Electrons
Which type of subatomic particle is found outside the nucleus?
Electrons
Capacity to do work is known as:
Energy
T/F: An element is made up pf 2 or more atoms
False
An element's atomic ___ is based on the protons and neutrons it contains, while an element's atomic ____ is based only on the number of protons
Mass, Number
what term describes 2 or more atoms that are bonded together?
Molecule
Due to the presence of protons, Atom's ____ has a net positive electrical charge
Nucleus
Valance electrons are found in:
Outmost energy shells
Atoms are electrically neutral because they have equal numbers of ____ and _______
Protons, Electrons
An Element's atomic number is based on the number of ___ it contains. Its atomic mass includes the number of protons and the number of ____
Protons, Neutrons
What are 3 subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
what is a chemical element?
Pure substance composed of only one type of atom
Which if the following statements is true of a polar covalent bond?
The shared electrons are closer to one nucleus than to the other
Matter is composed of functional units called____, 2 or more of which bonded together form a _____
atoms, molecules
Atoms are most stable when their outer shells are filled with...
electrons
Atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of which subatomic particle?
protons
