Chapter 2 - Ethics and Public Speaking

Which of the following are instances of dishonesty in a public speech?

Agatha presents the preliminary findings of her research as if they were conclusive and peer-reviewed. Dolph copies slogans that were used more than one hundred years ago as his own, thinking that they are so old that copying them will not matter. Jermaine cites the one perfect test score he earned as being typical of his performance in math.

The most important ancient work on public speaking still followed by speakers today is

Aristotle's Rhetoric.

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that includes which of the following?

Considering issues of right and wrong Discussing honesty and dishonesty Understanding of actions that are moral or immoral

Which question should student speakers ask themselves to assess the soundness of their goals?

Do the goals align with my beliefs?

Which of the following is not a guideline for ethical speaking?

Dressing well for the speech

Alejandro has to speak to his company's sales staff to convince them to accept a new commission structure. He is stressed out, because he knows he does not speak well and they are going to be angry at him for suggesting the new plan. He keeps envisioning himself being the target of anger and failing to make the audience consider the new plan. What will probably happen when Alejandro gives his speech?

He will not motivate people and they will be angry with him.

Which of the following statements is true about freedom of self-expression?

If we ensure someone's right to free speech, it does not mean we agree with what they say.

Which of the following actions common in everyday conversation would be unacceptable in a public speech?

Interjecting stock phrases Incorporating slang

Which of the following is not true of public speaking?

It is irrelevant because of the Internet.

Juan is a politically liberal supporter of gun control who lives in a large city on the West Coast. He has a preconception that people from rural areas are ignorant and racially biased. His class is going to have a conservative speaker from Alabama to discuss why he supports private ownership of guns and opposes removing Confederate monuments from public places. Given the wide disparity in political views between Juan and the speaker, what is the ethical thing for Juan to do?

Listen to the speaker and learn about the reasoning that support his beliefs

Tashiana was in a hurry to complete her speech for a public speaking contest. During her research on world hunger, she found some wonderfully descriptive language. She used those descriptions, which helped her make her points vividly and movingly in the speech. She did not give attribution for these words but did cite the World Health Organization for the facts and statistics that she included in the speech. Tashiana won the contest, but was her speech ethical?

No, because she failed to credit the sources of all her ideas and wording.

Felicia Robinson is running for school board in her city. Her election campaign consultants advise her to leak allegations about her opponent that are not yet substantiated. Should Felicia follow this advice?

No, because the allegations against her opponent may be proved false.

Gary takes his car to the mechanic because the car vibrates when he applies the brakes. When the mechanic asks him what's wrong with his car, Gary says, "Sometimes I drive too fast, so it may be my fault, but it does this thing, but not always. There's like a noise, but today there isn't. When I try to stop, well, it also rattles when I start the engine on a cold day. It's messed up." What basic skill that is useful in everyday conversation and public speaking is Gary lacking in this example? Multiple choice question.

Organizing his thoughts logically

Which of the following examples would show that Portia has a skill for public speaking?

Portia told a ghost story that made everyone scream when she revealed the secret at the end of it.

Lack of adequate speech preparation will most likely lead to speakers doing which of the following?

Presenting misinformation Offering misleading advice Giving incomplete information

Identify the ways in which public speaking differs from everyday conversation.

Public speaking requires more detailed planning and timing. Public speaking is more highly structured. Public speaking uses more formal language than everyday conversation.

Which of the following can help most speakers deal with normal nervousness when giving a speech?

Recognizing that most nervousness is not usually visible Concentrating on sharing your ideas with your audience

Which of the following are conversational skills that will help students in a public speaking class?

Sensing when someone does not understand what you are saying Telling a great story Communicating to different age groups

Which one of the following is not considered to be public speaking?

Speaking on the telephone with a friend

A speaker would more likely do which of the following during a formal speech than in daily conversation? Select all that apply.

Stand upright and use minimal gestures Follow a preconceived order of ideas

Being an ethical listener in a public speaking situation includes which of the following?

Taking seriously your responsibility as a listener. Showing speakers the same courtesy you want from them when you are speaking Showing support for the speaker by being attentive

In a speech, a citation for a quotation should include which of the following?

The name of the source The name of the work in which the quotation originally appeared

What is included in a speech bibliography for listing online sources used?

The title of each Internet document

Listen to the speaker and learn about the reasoning that support his beliefs

To stop civil rights leaders To suppress labor organizers To keep women from public speaking

The practice of name-calling in public speaking is which of the following?

Unethical Mostly protected as free speech under the Bill of Rights Harmful to society

Which of the following are ways to avoid global plagiarism?

Using and citing more than one source in your speech Not waiting until the last minute to research and prepare your speech

Incremental plagiarism involves which of the following?

Using the exact words of others as your own Paraphrasing the words of others without crediting the sources

During his Internet research, Charles found three articles that eloquently made the points he wanted to make in his speech about gay marriage and the Bible. Charles used portions of each article to make an effective, persuasive appeal that he presented as his own in a classroom speech. Should Charles be concerned about using the work of others without citing the source?

Yes, because plagiarism affects his credibility and reliability as a speaker and a person.

For two years, Janice volunteered for the local Red Cross. When preparing a speech for her class, Janice found a "speaker's bank" of speech manuscripts on the Red Cross Web site. Janice chose a speech from the bank; she was familiar with all the data in that speech, and the document cited the sources of all data. In class, Janice presented the speech as her own. Is Janice guilty of plagiarism?

Yes, of the global type.

Which of the following is an ethical problem caused by rushing through speech preparation?

You will waste the audience's time and not meet your obligation to the audience.

Manipulating statistics in making a speech is

a form of dishonesty, which is unethical.

Experienced speakers are most likely to view nervousness as

a way to generate mental vitality for a speech.

A good way to remember how to apply ethics to name-calling is that

abusive speech and slurs are never ethical.

The nervousness and anxiety you feel at the start of your speech is a normal consequence of your body's production of

adrenaline.

If you use the views or ideas of others in a speech, you should verbally acknowledge

all sources whether you quote or paraphrase them.

Research has shown that people who select speech topics that mean a great deal to them

are more confident and successful.

Whenever you quote a person directly, you need to

attribute the quotation to the person

Johnny gave a speech to an audience of two-dozen people, but he had not prepared well and the audience did not understand the points he tried to make. According to Jenkin Lloyd Jones, the most unethical part of Johnny's failure to prepare was to waste his Multiple choice question.

audience's time, because their collective wasted time was much greater than his own amount of wasted time.

When you directly copy wording from multiple sources for your speech without crediting them, you have

committed patchwork plagiarism.

When speakers paraphrase, they

do not need to provide a source for facts that are widely known.

Being courteous, waiting to form judgments about speakers until after they speak, and allowing speakers to speak without unreasonable restrictions are elements of

ethical listening.

Jennifer attended a speech forum presented by several women who advocated pro-choice views. Adamantly pro-life, Jennifer struggled to understand and identify with the beliefs and issues that the speakers articulated. At the end of the speech, Jennifer was disappointed by what she had heard, but she better understood the speakers' reasons for their position. Jennifer's listening behavior can best be described as

ethical, because she listened closely.

Experience makes public speaking easier, because the biggest cause of stage fright is

fear of the unknown.

Sam is passionate about protecting the environment. He went to a political rally to see a speaker who is known for being supportive of the environment. About two minutes into the speech, Sam left the venue and posted on social media about how great the speaker was. Sam then found out from a friend that the second half of the speech went against everything Sam believed in. Sam made the mistake of Multiple choice question.

having a positive prejudice about the speaker.

Presenting someone else's words or ideas as your own is a violation of the ethical value of

honesty

Speakers are expected to behave ethically

in every speech.

The study of the process of public speaking originated

in many locations thousands of years ago.

Citations of online sources used in a speech

need to specify the author and Web site

Constructing a speech out of language from two or three sources, without crediting the sources or including much original language, is called

patchwork plagiarism.

Ethical listening includes

paying attention.

The top fear cited in a study of more than 9,000 people was fear of

public speaking.

Your first responsibility as a speaker is to

question whether your speech goals are ethically sound.

If Ronald is speaking to a small class, and he notices several people looking at their phones or putting their heads down, he is most likely going to feel

self-conscious.

Mentally rehearsing for a speech

should be done repeatedly before speaking.

When nervous speakers finish presentations, they usually learn that

the audience had no idea how nervous they were.

Patchwork plagiarism occurs when a speaker

ties together words and ideas from several sources without citation.

According to the 2012 study, more people are scared of giving a speech than of dying.

true

Experts recommend that people who fear giving a speech should deal with it by

turning the negative fear into a positive excitement.