Chapter 8

How many bones consist in the phalanges?

14 bones of the digits

How many phalanges are in the bones of ankle and foot?

14 bones of toes (each has a base, shaft, and head)

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

2 clavicles

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

2 hip bones (coxal bones) + sacrum

The Great toe has 2 phalanges, while the others have how many?

3

Each lower limb has how many bones?

30 bones

Each upper limb consists of how many bones?

30 bones

How many metatarsus (forefoot) bones are in the bones of ankle and foot?

5 bones (each has base, shaft, and head)

How man bones consist in the metacarpals

5 bones of the palm

How many bones consist in the carpals?

8 bones of the wrist

What is the humerus for the upper extremity?

Arm

What does the clavicle articulate with?

Articulates with sternum at sternal extremity to form sternoclavicular joint Also articulates with scapula at acromial extremity to form acromioclavicular joint

What does the acromion process articulate with?

Articulates with the clavicle

What is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?

Calcaneus

What takes half the weight of the body with each step?

Calcaneus

What bone markings/distal end?

Capitulum, trochlea, olecranon fossa, medial & lateral epicondyles

What is the wrist for the upper extremity?

Carpal bones

What are the bones of the wrist and hand?

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

What is the most frequently broken bone in the body?

Clavicle

What are the two clavicles in the pectoral girdle?

Collar-bones and 2 scapulae (shoulder blade)

What are the attachment for muscles?

Corocoid process, spine of scapula, subscapular fossa, infraspinous fossa, supraspinous fossa, and vertebral & lateral borders

Fibula is not a part of the knee joint?

Correct

What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

Femur

What is used for attachment for muscles in the femur?

Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, linea aspera ("rough line")

Where are the bone markings/proximal end?

Greater tubercle projects laterally Lesser tubercle project anteriorly

What is the longest, largest bone of the upper limb?

Humerus

What are the 3 separate bones of the hip?

Ilium, Ischium, and pubis

What is the function of a scapulae?

Irregular surfaces provide attachment for muscles of arm, shoulder, chest.

What consists in the Ischium?

Ischial tuberosity

In the tibia what is used for attachment for muscles?

Lateral and medial condyles, tibial tuberosity

What is the fibua?

Lateral and parellel to the tibia

What are the attachments for forearm muscles?

Medial & lateral epicondyles

What is the palm for the upper extremity?

Metacarpal bones

Entire ring of bone is the what?

Pelvis

Where are the hip bones and sacrum joined at?

Pubic symphysis (anterior) and Sacroiliac joint (posterior)

What is the forearm for the upper extremity?

Radius and ulna

What give the pectoral girdle great flexibility?

Scapulae

What is embedded in the patellar tendon?

Sesamoid bone

What is carpal tunnel?

Space between bones for median nerve --- carpal tunnel syndrome

How many tarsal bones are there in the bones of ankle and foot?

Tarsus (tarsal bones) = 7 bones

What does scapulae articulate with?

They articulate with clavicles but not with each other

What do the arches of the foot help with?

They help the foot support and distribute the weight of the body and provide leverage during walking

What does the femur articulate with?

acetabulum of hipbone

What is the function of the Greater Sciatic notch?

allows passage of sciatic nerve

What is the talus?

ankle bone

Where does the radius and ulna articulate?

articulate with humerus at elbow and with each other at their proximal and distal ends.

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

articulates with capitulum or humerus

What does the ulnar turberosity do?

attaches biceps brachii

What is the function of the pubic crest

attaches to rectus abdominis muscle

What does the radial tuberosity attach to?

attachment of biceps brachii

What does the styloid process do?

attachment of brachioradialis

Each phalanx of phalanges has what?

base, shaft, and head

What does each metacarpal have?

base, shaft, and head

How are scapulae held in place?

by muscle only

What is the thigh in the lower extremity?

femur + patella

What is the acetabulum?

forms joint with femur

What does the olecranon form?

forms the point of elbow

In the humerus what is the intertubercular sulcus?

groove between the two

Where does the fibula articulate?

head articulates with tibia below knee joint

What is the calcaneus?

heel bone

What is the acromion process?

high point of shoulder

What does the Glenoid cavity/fossa articulate with?

humerus

What are the bone markings in the ilium?

iliac crest, iliac fossa, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine- attachments for muscles

What does the patella do?

increases leverage of quadriceps muscles

What is medial malleolus in the tibia?

inner "ankle bone"

What is the weakest point of the clavicle?

junction of two curves

What is the head of metacarpals called?

known as the knuckles

What are scapulae?

large, triangular, flat bones

What is the obturator foramen?

largest foramen in body

The bones of the foot are arranged in two arches that are held in position by what?

ligaments and tendons

What is the tibia?

medial and larger bone of the leg

What is the forefoot in the lower extremity?

metatarsal bones

In the humerus what is the Deltoid tuberosity?

middle of the shaft

What does the irregular surface of the scapula provide attachment for?

muscles of the arm, shoulder, and chest

Where is the radius located?

on the lateral aspect (thumb side)

Where is the ulna located?

on the medial aspect ("pinky" side)

There are 2 curves in the clavicle what are they known to be?

one concave and one convex

What is the lateral malleolus of the fibula?

out "ankle bone"

What is the function of the pubic symphysis?

pad of fibrocartilage joining 2 pubic bones

What is known as the kneecap?

patella

What are the fingersnfor the upper extremity?

phalanges

What are the toes in the in the lower extremity?

phalanges

What is the function of the collar-bones and 2 scapulae (shoulder-blade)?

provides attachment for bones of upper limbs and their muscles

The first digit (thumb has 2 phalanges what are they known as?

proximal and distal

2nd through 5th digits have 3 phalanges what are they?

proximal, middle, and distal

Each phalanx of the phalanges have what?

proximal, middle, and distal portions

What does the capitulum articulate with?

radius

What does the cornoid process do?

receives trochlea of humerus (along with olecranon)

What does the humerus articulate with?

scapula, radius, ulna

Hip bone is 3 separate bones in infant, separated by what and eventually do what to form what?

separated by cartilage, that eventually fuse together @ acetabulum to form one bone

No articulation with vertebral column means what?

shoulder joints not very stable (easily dislocated), but allow a great deal of movement in many directions.

What is the foot in the lower extremity?

tarsal bones

What does the patella articulate with?

the lateral and medial condyles of the femur

What connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum of the hipbone ?

the ligament of the head of the femur connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum of the hipbone

What is a common site for fractures of the hip?

the neck of the femur

What do the medial and lateral condyles in the femur articulate with?

tibia

What is the leg in the lower extremity?

tibia + fibula

What does the Talus articulate with?

tibia and fibula

What does the trochlea, olecranon fossa articulate with?

ulna