Chapter 8
How many bones consist in the phalanges?
14 bones of the digits
How many phalanges are in the bones of ankle and foot?
14 bones of toes (each has a base, shaft, and head)
What does the pectoral girdle consist of?
2 clavicles
What does the pelvic girdle consist of?
2 hip bones (coxal bones) + sacrum
The Great toe has 2 phalanges, while the others have how many?
3
Each lower limb has how many bones?
30 bones
Each upper limb consists of how many bones?
30 bones
How many metatarsus (forefoot) bones are in the bones of ankle and foot?
5 bones (each has base, shaft, and head)
How man bones consist in the metacarpals
5 bones of the palm
How many bones consist in the carpals?
8 bones of the wrist
What is the humerus for the upper extremity?
Arm
What does the clavicle articulate with?
Articulates with sternum at sternal extremity to form sternoclavicular joint Also articulates with scapula at acromial extremity to form acromioclavicular joint
What does the acromion process articulate with?
Articulates with the clavicle
What is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
What takes half the weight of the body with each step?
Calcaneus
What bone markings/distal end?
Capitulum, trochlea, olecranon fossa, medial & lateral epicondyles
What is the wrist for the upper extremity?
Carpal bones
What are the bones of the wrist and hand?
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
What is the most frequently broken bone in the body?
Clavicle
What are the two clavicles in the pectoral girdle?
Collar-bones and 2 scapulae (shoulder blade)
What are the attachment for muscles?
Corocoid process, spine of scapula, subscapular fossa, infraspinous fossa, supraspinous fossa, and vertebral & lateral borders
Fibula is not a part of the knee joint?
Correct
What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
Femur
What is used for attachment for muscles in the femur?
Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, linea aspera ("rough line")
Where are the bone markings/proximal end?
Greater tubercle projects laterally Lesser tubercle project anteriorly
What is the longest, largest bone of the upper limb?
Humerus
What are the 3 separate bones of the hip?
Ilium, Ischium, and pubis
What is the function of a scapulae?
Irregular surfaces provide attachment for muscles of arm, shoulder, chest.
What consists in the Ischium?
Ischial tuberosity
In the tibia what is used for attachment for muscles?
Lateral and medial condyles, tibial tuberosity
What is the fibua?
Lateral and parellel to the tibia
What are the attachments for forearm muscles?
Medial & lateral epicondyles
What is the palm for the upper extremity?
Metacarpal bones
Entire ring of bone is the what?
Pelvis
Where are the hip bones and sacrum joined at?
Pubic symphysis (anterior) and Sacroiliac joint (posterior)
What is the forearm for the upper extremity?
Radius and ulna
What give the pectoral girdle great flexibility?
Scapulae
What is embedded in the patellar tendon?
Sesamoid bone
What is carpal tunnel?
Space between bones for median nerve --- carpal tunnel syndrome
How many tarsal bones are there in the bones of ankle and foot?
Tarsus (tarsal bones) = 7 bones
What does scapulae articulate with?
They articulate with clavicles but not with each other
What do the arches of the foot help with?
They help the foot support and distribute the weight of the body and provide leverage during walking
What does the femur articulate with?
acetabulum of hipbone
What is the function of the Greater Sciatic notch?
allows passage of sciatic nerve
What is the talus?
ankle bone
Where does the radius and ulna articulate?
articulate with humerus at elbow and with each other at their proximal and distal ends.
What does the head of the radius articulate with?
articulates with capitulum or humerus
What does the ulnar turberosity do?
attaches biceps brachii
What is the function of the pubic crest
attaches to rectus abdominis muscle
What does the radial tuberosity attach to?
attachment of biceps brachii
What does the styloid process do?
attachment of brachioradialis
Each phalanx of phalanges has what?
base, shaft, and head
What does each metacarpal have?
base, shaft, and head
How are scapulae held in place?
by muscle only
What is the thigh in the lower extremity?
femur + patella
What is the acetabulum?
forms joint with femur
What does the olecranon form?
forms the point of elbow
In the humerus what is the intertubercular sulcus?
groove between the two
Where does the fibula articulate?
head articulates with tibia below knee joint
What is the calcaneus?
heel bone
What is the acromion process?
high point of shoulder
What does the Glenoid cavity/fossa articulate with?
humerus
What are the bone markings in the ilium?
iliac crest, iliac fossa, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine- attachments for muscles
What does the patella do?
increases leverage of quadriceps muscles
What is medial malleolus in the tibia?
inner "ankle bone"
What is the weakest point of the clavicle?
junction of two curves
What is the head of metacarpals called?
known as the knuckles
What are scapulae?
large, triangular, flat bones
What is the obturator foramen?
largest foramen in body
The bones of the foot are arranged in two arches that are held in position by what?
ligaments and tendons
What is the tibia?
medial and larger bone of the leg
What is the forefoot in the lower extremity?
metatarsal bones
In the humerus what is the Deltoid tuberosity?
middle of the shaft
What does the irregular surface of the scapula provide attachment for?
muscles of the arm, shoulder, and chest
Where is the radius located?
on the lateral aspect (thumb side)
Where is the ulna located?
on the medial aspect ("pinky" side)
There are 2 curves in the clavicle what are they known to be?
one concave and one convex
What is the lateral malleolus of the fibula?
out "ankle bone"
What is the function of the pubic symphysis?
pad of fibrocartilage joining 2 pubic bones
What is known as the kneecap?
patella
What are the fingersnfor the upper extremity?
phalanges
What are the toes in the in the lower extremity?
phalanges
What is the function of the collar-bones and 2 scapulae (shoulder-blade)?
provides attachment for bones of upper limbs and their muscles
The first digit (thumb has 2 phalanges what are they known as?
proximal and distal
2nd through 5th digits have 3 phalanges what are they?
proximal, middle, and distal
Each phalanx of the phalanges have what?
proximal, middle, and distal portions
What does the capitulum articulate with?
radius
What does the cornoid process do?
receives trochlea of humerus (along with olecranon)
What does the humerus articulate with?
scapula, radius, ulna
Hip bone is 3 separate bones in infant, separated by what and eventually do what to form what?
separated by cartilage, that eventually fuse together @ acetabulum to form one bone
No articulation with vertebral column means what?
shoulder joints not very stable (easily dislocated), but allow a great deal of movement in many directions.
What is the foot in the lower extremity?
tarsal bones
What does the patella articulate with?
the lateral and medial condyles of the femur
What connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum of the hipbone ?
the ligament of the head of the femur connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum of the hipbone
What is a common site for fractures of the hip?
the neck of the femur
What do the medial and lateral condyles in the femur articulate with?
tibia
What is the leg in the lower extremity?
tibia + fibula
What does the Talus articulate with?
tibia and fibula
What does the trochlea, olecranon fossa articulate with?
ulna
