Chapter 2
Which of the following is(are) ionizing radiation?
Both cosmic radiation and gamma radiation
Carbonic acid is a compound consisting of one carbon, two hydrogen atoms, and three oxygen atoms. Indicate the correct molecular formula for this compound.
H2CO3
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
tenfold
What does pH measure?
the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution
Exposure to ionizing radiation may
cloud the lens of the eye. cause cancer. interfere with normal growth. all of the above.
The primary type of chemical reaction involved in the digestion of a meal by the digestive system is a(n):
decomposition
Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats.
have more single carbon-carbon bonds
When forming a bond, an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will
lose 3 electrons from its second shell.
A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
neutral
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
neutrons
What are the components of a nucleotide? Click on all answers that apply.
nitrogenous base 5-carbon sugar phosphate group
PET imaging follows the emission of
positrons
In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes intellectual disability and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in
protein
Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because
radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells.
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
AB → A + B.
What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms in a molecule?
covalent bond
Nucleic acids include
RNA and DNA
Which of the following is not organic?
Sodium Chloride
The ______ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.
Thyroid gland
Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?
Triglyceride
The atoms of different elements have
different atomic numbers
Name the subatomic particle that participates in chemical bond formation.
electrons
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
growth of body parts
Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) _______ reaction.
hydrolysis
Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic?
lipids
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
cations
Match the general functions with the correct type of organic compound.
1 Cell membrane structure; energy storage Lipids 2 Genetic information Nucleic acids 3 Cellular fuel Glucose 4 Enzymes, transporters, structural components Proteins
Choose the correct term from the drop-down menu to complete these sentences about organic compounds.
1. Proteins are organic molecules built of subunits called amino acids.2. The amino acids differ one from another in their -R groups.3. The bond between adjacent amino acids within these molecules is called a peptide bond.4. A molecule consisting of two amino acids is called a dipeptide
Complete the following sentences to describe a particular class of organic compounds
1. The class of organic molecules called lipids are hydrophobic.2. A triglyceride molecule consists of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.3. In contrast, a phospholipid molecule consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol.4. A fatty acid that is classified as a saturated fatty acid has no double bond(s) within its carbon chain.
Complete the sentences describing the contents of electron shells:
1. The maximum number of electrons found in the innermost (first) electron shell is: 2 2. The maximum number of electrons found in the second electron shell is: 8 3. The maximum number of electrons found in the third electron shell is: 8
The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
16
Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
Cobalt-60
Glycogen is stored in the liver and ______.
skeletal muscles
DNA
stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.