Chapter 2

Which of the following is(are) ionizing radiation?

Both cosmic radiation and gamma radiation

Carbonic acid is a compound consisting of one carbon, two hydrogen atoms, and three oxygen atoms. Indicate the correct molecular formula for this compound.

H2CO3

The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is

tenfold

What does pH measure?

the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution

Exposure to ionizing radiation may

cloud the lens of the eye. cause cancer. interfere with normal growth. all of the above.

The primary type of chemical reaction involved in the digestion of a meal by the digestive system is a(n):

decomposition

Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats.

have more single carbon-carbon bonds

When forming a bond, an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will

lose 3 electrons from its second shell.

A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is

neutral

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

neutrons

What are the components of a nucleotide? Click on all answers that apply.

nitrogenous base 5-carbon sugar phosphate group

PET imaging follows the emission of

positrons

In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes intellectual disability and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in

protein

Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because

radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells.

A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by

AB → A + B.

What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms in a molecule?

covalent bond

Nucleic acids include

RNA and DNA

Which of the following is not organic?

Sodium Chloride

The ______ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.

Thyroid gland

Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?

Triglyceride

The atoms of different elements have

different atomic numbers

Name the subatomic particle that participates in chemical bond formation.

electrons

Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for

growth of body parts

Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) _______ reaction.

hydrolysis

Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic?

lipids

Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of

cations

Match the general functions with the correct type of organic compound.

1 Cell membrane structure; energy storage Lipids 2 Genetic information Nucleic acids 3 Cellular fuel Glucose 4 Enzymes, transporters, structural components Proteins

Choose the correct term from the drop-down menu to complete these sentences about organic compounds.

1. Proteins are organic molecules built of subunits called amino acids.2. The amino acids differ one from another in their -R groups.3. The bond between adjacent amino acids within these molecules is called a peptide bond.4. A molecule consisting of two amino acids is called a dipeptide

Complete the following sentences to describe a particular class of organic compounds

1. The class of organic molecules called lipids are hydrophobic.2. A triglyceride molecule consists of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.3. In contrast, a phospholipid molecule consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol.4. A fatty acid that is classified as a saturated fatty acid has no double bond(s) within its carbon chain.

Complete the sentences describing the contents of electron shells:

1. The maximum number of electrons found in the innermost (first) electron shell is: 2 2. The maximum number of electrons found in the second electron shell is: 8 3. The maximum number of electrons found in the third electron shell is: 8

The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

16

Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?

Cobalt-60

Glycogen is stored in the liver and ______.

skeletal muscles

DNA

stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.